Gzhel
The Russian people have never liked to sit idle. Folk art has always been given a lot of time. One very beautiful tradition is painted dishes. Such dishes are called Gzhel. The essence of this craft is that all ceramic products are painted by hand. Each product is unique. Gzhel is used to paint dishes, fireplaces, and stoves. Such designs do not fade, do not burn out and are not afraid of temperature changes. The owners of houses where there is Gzhel are very proud of such acquisitions. Recently, Gzhel painting has been a blue pattern.
Khokhloma 6th grade
Another type of fishing is Khokhloma. Khokhloma is a reflection of the life of entire generations. Khokhloma represents intricate gilded patterns, without the use of precious metals. Khokhloma painting originated from the ability to paint icons with gold. The city founder of this dish is Semenov. There is a monument there to all the honest people who painted in the old days.
The dishes are very beautiful and over time they became popular not only in Russia, but also in America, Australia and even Africa. The art of Khokhloma is not just a beautiful painting, but the ability to create a unique shape of a product.
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Essay on folk crafts (6th grade). Presentation to prepare for the lesson.
art therapy specialist
Description of the presentation by individual slides:
Essay-story about folk crafts
Purpose of the lesson: developing the ability to create text in accordance with a given style and type of speech; replenishment of vocabulary.
Once upon a time, people came to the Vladimir-Suzdal Principality to escape enemy hordes. For the new settlement, they burned and scorched the forest, hence the name itself. The people who lived in Palekh were called Paleshans and they were famous for their skillful craft of icon painters. Subsequently, they were so valued as artists that they were invited to paint churches and temples from all over Russia. Over time, their art became less in demand, but they did not despair and began to paint boxes and crafts in the so-called lacquer style - miniatures. Here the heroes are various epic and fairy-tale characters - heroes, princes, stories of battles with dragons, and so on. Palekh is painted with bright tempera paints, thick and dense strokes or thin and translucent. To begin with, black paint is applied to the product, which in palekh is the background for the drawing. In general, the art of this craft is a rather complex and labor-intensive process involving many stages, and in order to learn it fully, artists study it for a very long time. As a result, a box or other product turns from a faceless box into a precious thing of fabulous beauty.
Dymkovo clay toy is one of the most striking and original folk crafts of the Vyatka region. For four centuries, Dymkovo toys reflected the life and lifestyle of many generations of craftsmen. The craft originated in the Vyatka settlement beyond the river Dymkovo, hence the name of the toy. The first Dymkovo toys were whistles made for the annual spring festival “Whistlers,” held “in honor of those killed” in the 1418 battle between the Vyatchans and Ustyuzhans near the walls of the Khlynovsky Kremlin. Entire families made the toy in Dymkovo. In the summer they dug and kneaded clay, pounded lump chalk by hand and ground lump chalk in paint grinders, from autumn to spring they sculpted, dried, fired products, closer to “Svistunya” they whitewashed them with chalk diluted in skimmed cow’s milk, painted them with egg paints, and decorated them with diamonds of golden leaf.
Veliky Ustyug blackening on silver
The fashion for this craft led to the fact that some wives of Russian nobles not only began to master the techniques of working with bobbins themselves, but also opened workshops in their estates where serf peasant women weaved lace. Women's monasteries were also famous for their skill in this matter. By the end of the 18th century. The artistic features of Russian lace-making centers were formed.
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Dymkovo toy
And somewhere in the settlement of Dymkovo, now the city of Vyatka, the ancient craft of painting clay toys arose. The toys were all hand-painted and, according to historians, were created to celebrate the spring festival of the Sun God. The ornament of toys is always simple, but bright and on a white background. Each ornament carries its own symbolism and depicts nature.
Matryoshka
Wooden nesting doll is another folk craft. The essence of the nesting doll is that in one large hollow figure there are smaller figures. Matryoshka is an image of a Russian woman in red dresses. Nowadays, nesting dolls come in different forms, with different images. These can be parodies or all kinds of different characters.
Essay on the topic “Folk crafts” - 6th grade
Gzhel The Russian people have never liked to sit idle. Folk art has always been given a lot of time.
One very beautiful tradition is painted dishes. Such dishes are called Gzhel. The essence of this craft is that all ceramic products are painted by hand. Each product is unique. Gzhel is used to paint dishes, fireplaces, and stoves. Such designs do not fade, do not burn out and are not afraid of temperature changes. The owners of houses where there is Gzhel are very proud of such acquisitions. Recently, Gzhel painting has been a blue pattern.
Khokhloma
Another type of fishing is Khokhloma. Khokhloma is a reflection of the life of entire generations. Khokhloma represents intricate gilded patterns, without the use of precious metals. Khokhloma painting originated from the ability to paint icons with gold. The city founder of this dish is Semenov. There is a monument there to all the honest people who painted in the old days.
The dishes are very beautiful and over time they became popular not only in Russia, but also in America, Australia and even Africa. The art of Khokhloma is not just a beautiful painting, but the ability to create a unique shape of a product.
Essay on the topic of Dymkovo folk craft
5 options
It was famous for its clays. For a long time, the factories located there produced pottery and toys on household themes. They were painted with yellow, brown, blue and other paints. The direction of the painting was plant themes. Over time, gray clay was found, and the production of semi-faience items began. And already from the second half of the 19th century, only blue paint was used for painting. Around 1800, in the village of Volodino, the Kulikov brothers found white earthenware clay. The first porcelain manufacturing plant was also built nearby. Its founder, Pavel Kulikov, knew this technique, but wanted to keep it secret. Therefore, he worked at the factory himself, and another worker helped him. But G.N. Khrapunov and E.G. Gusyatnikov secretly entered the plant and copied the structure of the forge. They then opened their own porcelain factories. But the Kulikov plant is famous for the fact that porcelain production in Gzhel originated from it. Striving to constantly improve the quality of products and obtain fine porcelain and earthenware, the owners of factory enterprises constantly improved the composition of white clay. And the blue painting on a snow-white background made these products beautiful. Motives for Gzhel painting are traditionally considered to be images of flowers (most often roses), birds and patterns. Thanks to its simplicity, understandable beauty it is becoming more and more popular.
The Russian people have never liked to sit idle. Folk art has always been given a lot of time. One very beautiful tradition is painted dishes. Such dishes are called Gzhel. The essence of this craft is that all ceramic products are painted by hand. Each product is unique. Gzhel is used to paint dishes, fireplaces, and stoves. Such designs do not fade, do not burn out and are not afraid of temperature changes. The owners of houses where there is Gzhel are very proud of such acquisitions. Recently, Gzhel painting has been a blue pattern.
Zhostovo painting
This is also one of the famous folk crafts. It appeared in the village of Zhostovo; the main theme of the painting is flowers. The masters took the Tagil craft as a basis.
Zhostovo painting is distinguished from others by the combination of colors with decorative elements that used to decorate chests, spinning wheels, etc. Most often, painting is done on a black background. Trays are divided into two categories: for decorative purposes and for household purposes. Zhostovo painting is one of the famous Russian original crafts.
Manufacturing technology
The process of creating a Dymkovo toy consists of two stages: forming the figure and painting it.
Clay and river sand are used to create the figurine. According to the rules, it should be Vyatka red clay. Each part of the toy is created separately: a body is formed from a spherical lump of clay, onto which the remaining parts are “assembled” (legs, arms, head, accessories, etc.). All parts must be held together with smooth transitions. This helps avoid chipping in the future.
Let the finished image dry in the open air for several days. Then it is burned on fire. Previously, a Russian stove was used for this. Today - muffle, where the temperature reaches 1000C.
When the workpiece cools, it is bleached with tempera paints. Our ancestors used milk for this purpose.
At the next stage of creating a toy - coloring - only pure colors are used without mixing. In the old days, natural dyes based on eggs, milk, soot, vinegar, and tempera were used for this. Today there are ready-made acrylic paints. The main requirement: brightness and naturalness. Be sure to use gold leaf for individual details.
Mini-essay on the topic “Folk Crafts”
Taking their origins from time immemorial, folk crafts and crafts are extremely popular today, because this is not just history, it is the experience of hundreds of generations, intertwined with national motives and unique skills.
Each piece of folk art, be it artistic painting, pottery, wooden products, etc., is completely unique in its own way. It is warmed by the warmth of the hands of a true master and imbued with his spiritual impulses. After all, only true inspiration can give a person imagination and a flight of creative thought. And if the very production of wonderful examples of folk crafts is done with love and warmth, then the result becomes a truly amazing manifestation of talent and taste.
Being, in essence, works of folk art, all these items, be it kitchen utensils or interior decor, are also extremely useful things in everyday households. They give each home a unique comfort and style; they faithfully serve their intended purpose, providing practical benefits to their owners. It must be said that the use of such original and unique things in everyday life is extremely pleasant, and the feeling of their warmth and the special energy of the craftsman settles in this house.
The study of crafts as one of the important and integral parts of the life history of an entire people becomes extremely interesting and fascinating. After all, every curl of the national painting, every bend of the form carries a special meaning, invested in this art by many generations.
Folk crafts are a great opportunity to feel part of an entire nation, try with your own hands and master the ancient craft of your ancestors, plunge into ancient history and bring a piece of it to our days.
Option 2
Folk crafts live and develop. In our region there is a Khokhloma painting factory. In Yelets - Yelets lace, famous at all times. No fashionista will refuse to have them in her wardrobe. And painted samovars, spoons, and trays have become decorations not only of museums, they can be found in every home.
Impeccable shape, elegance of design combined with gold plating, simplicity and laconicism, strict silhouette and filigree finishing - all this is typical for wooden products with Khokhloma painting. On every item, be it dishes or decoration, be it patterns borrowed from ancient Russian graphics, folk motifs, or epic fairy-tale ornaments. Anyone who has ever seen products with such painting will always want to have them.
This is a worthy gift for all times. Real art never dies, real skill is passed on from hand to hand. It is necessary to have and develop folk crafts.
Option 3
The female figure personified Mother Earth, the Great Goddess of Nature; horses and deer - the great Luminary, giving the earth light, warmth, fertility; Birds are the element of air that connects heaven and earth.
I admire folk art. I especially like clay toys. Each of them is unique and inimitable. Bright toys give joy and good mood.
Dymkovo toy - essay
There were and are many folk crafts in Rus'. My favorite folk craft is the Dymkovo toy. This name comes from Dymkovskaya Sloboda. At first, Dymkovo craftsmen made clay whistles. From whistles they moved on to making clay toys that were brightly decorated.
Most often, Dymkovo toys depict people and animals. I especially like animal toys, which always make me smile - they are so funny, cheerful, and cheerful.
Dymkovo toys are real works of art. The craftsmen who create them are talented and kind people, and the hand-made products themselves are carriers of spiritual values.
These cute toys can be seen today not only on the shelves of craft stores, but also on the shelves in our apartments. Such toys make your soul warmer.
Dymkovo toys remind me of children's drawings: they are just as bright, colorful, joyful, cheerful, and life-affirming.
These products make me feel proud of talented Russian craftsmen.
Gold painting
The student can write an essay about the Khokhloma folk craft. Distinctive features are painting with gold, red, orange colors with a small addition of green and blue on a black background. Traditionally, masters of this folk craft depict rowan trees, strawberries, flowers, branches, as well as birds, fish and animals.
The painting received its name in honor of the village of Khokhloma, where finished products were brought from nearby villages. According to one of the most popular versions, this folk craft was created by the Old Believers, among whom there were many masters of icon painting.
And the Trans-Volga masters were excellent at turning. This is how Khokhloma painting appeared - a combination of the classical forms of Trans-Volga turners and the pictorial skill of the Old Believers. Khokhloma painting is distinguished by its brightness, rich patterns and beautiful shape of the products.
Dymkovo painting in kindergarten and school
The study of Dymkovo toys is included in the training program in children's creative studios and art schools. They also pay attention to it in fine arts classes in kindergarten and secondary schools.
This folk craft is part of the history of our country, and bright figurines decorated with symbolic ornaments can tell a lot about the life and worldview of our ancestors.
Painting a Dymkovo toy in a simplified form is accessible to young children who are interested in drawing small diamonds, circles, and stripes on animal figures. Older children can even try to fashion a toy themselves according to Dymkovo canons.
Russian crafts and ancient folk crafts of Russia
blacksmith craft
A separate industry was “goldsmithing,” i.e., jewelry making. Craftsmen made skillful jewelry items - bronze amulets and jewelry: pendants, buckles, kolta and hryvnias (ancient earrings and necklaces). The jewelry was made using the technique of granulation (a pattern consisting of many balls was soldered onto the product) and filigree (the pattern was applied with thin wire soldered onto a metal surface, and the gaps between the filigree partitions were filled with multi-colored enamel). This is how highly valuable jewelry made using the cloisonne enamel technique was obtained, typically Russian jewelry. The jewelry technique of Russian craftsmen was very complex, and their products were in great demand in many countries around the world.
Pottery
Pottery craft became isolated somewhat later than blacksmithing. In the 11th century A potter's wheel appears. In addition to a wide variety of dishes, potters made bricks.
Wood processing
Pre-Christian Rus' knew casting and chasing, ceramics and embroidery, and mastered the fine craftsmanship of enamels. Kyiv artists were skilled in bone carving, blackening, metal engraving, tile making, and glass making.
But Rus' was most skilled in wood processing. Wooden buildings, huts and mansions, gates and bridges, fortress walls, as well as boats and household utensils were generously decorated with carvings and determined its appearance.
Artistic painting
Since ancient times, Rus' has been famous for its porcelain and the art of artistic painting. There are even different schools and directions of these folk crafts:
Dymkovo fishery today
Many become acquainted with the Dymkovo toy in childhood: the educational program of kindergarten and school includes lessons in which children are shown products of the Dymkovo craft and told about the features and history of the Dymkovo toy.
Despite its centuries-old roots, the production of Dymkovo toys continues to this day. From year to year, from master to master, special secrets of craftsmanship are passed on, making the toy so interesting and alive.
Essay on the topic “” for grades 4–8.
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Introduction and main part
An essay on the topic “Folk Crafts” should begin with an introduction. In it, the student must write why he chose this particular topic, why he found it interesting, and how it will be useful to others. A child can write about folk crafts that studying them will allow them to learn better about the ancient Slavs, learn some features of life and their cultural level.
Next, you should move on to writing the main part. In an essay on the topic “Folk Crafts” you can list the main and most famous areas of creativity. But the student reveals only one thing in more detail and briefly explains why. The student’s task is to interest the reader and show him the originality and peculiarity of the chosen direction.
Toys
To write an interesting essay on the topic “Folk Crafts”, you can present the following information. Among the many folk crafts for which Russia is famous, the production of toys occupies a special place. In the settlement of Dymkovo, one of the districts of Vyatka, in the 19th century there were huge deposits of sand and clay. Local craftsmen came up with a use for this natural wealth and began making bright painted ceramic toys for the amusement of children. The products are characterized by a geometric pattern consisting of stripes, circles, and cells. The Dymkovo toy, as it began to be called among the people, in addition to its unique painting, is distinguished by its gold trim. Filimonov whistles became famous throughout the world. The products are characterized by an elongated shape, are painted only with a quill pen, and are brightly colored. This craft arose more than 700 years ago on the basis of making dishes from clay located near the village of Filimonovo (Odoevsky district, Tula region).
conclusions
At the end of the essay “Russian Folk Crafts,” it can be noted that Russia is famous not only for artistic paintings, but also for lace and toy making. You can briefly talk about how folk art developed in the Soviet era. Then briefly note how things stand with folk crafts in modern society. This must be done so that readers understand that the masters continue to improve their art.
Also in this part, the student can tell why he liked this or that type of creativity, and express his opinion on the development of this craft. This was a short outline for an essay about folk crafts.
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Birch bark production
If a student had limited time, he could write a mini-essay on the topic “Folk Crafts” and be sure to talk about birch bark production in it. Birch bark is a material from which in Rus' people have long been making things necessary for the household: baskets, tubs, boxes, boxes and the well-known bast shoes. The products were painted with bright colors, “dressed up” with colorful ornaments and decorated with openwork lace, also made of birch bark. This type of fishing was widespread throughout Rus'; today the traditions of such production have been preserved in Yakutia, Siberia, and the Volga region. Only true masters are capable of making such unique masterpieces from modest natural materials.
