Tynyanov Yu. N.: Nekrasov’s verse forms

The main motives of Nekrasov's lyrics

Nekrasov’s unique gift helped him convey his lyrical sentiments to readers and create a holistic picture of the world in poetry. This brilliant man combined in his work many aspects that before him were considered incompatible and belonged to completely different literary genres.

about the author

Nikolai Alekseevich was born on November 28 (December 10), 1821 in the small town of Nemirov, Podolsk province, in the Russian Empire, into a noble, once rich family. In addition to his poems, Nekrasov became famous thanks to his firm position as a revolutionary with democratic sentiments.

The poet was included in the list of classics of Russian literature. For a long time he published a magazine called Sovremennik, and a little later - Otechestvennye zapiski. Lyrics N.A. Nekrasova is based on the theme of the people, their deprivation.

The writer often used popular expressions. It was thanks to Nikolai Alekseevich that some phrases appeared in the official grammar.

Nekrasov was known for his satirical works, poems, and pamphlets.

He himself was a nobleman. His family was not as rich as their noble ancestors, but they did not experience need either. My father served as a lieutenant in the army.

The poet’s whole life was included in the main themes of Nekrasov’s lyrics.

Homeland in the poet's work

For him, the common people always came first. Accordingly, it was this line that became fundamental in his poetry.

The main themes of Nekrasov's lyrics are quite diverse and insightful. He did not just superficially touch on exciting topics, but also immersed himself in them completely. It seemed that the poet, thanks to his work, was transferring himself into the life of the peasants and experiencing the same feelings.

It is possible that this is precisely why Nekrasov’s lyrics are still popular and relevant. His poems were extremely socially sensitive; he gave genuine descriptions of such problems as poverty and slavery.

Nekrasov has repeatedly confessed his love for ordinary people. He also expected with them that someday a hero would appear who could save all those suffering and avenge their misfortunes.

His love for his homeland always came first, and no matter what was happening at that time in his life.

Unhappy peasants

One can judge how much Nikolai Alekseevich was a fan of the ordinary people of Russia, how deeply he worried about their fate, by the fact that in one of his works the immortal Muse appeared to him in the guise of a peasant.

In this work, a girl was brutally beaten by her owners, and Nekrasov saw this picture.

Deep knowledge of psychology and human nature helped the poet to draw strikingly vivid and believable images in his works. However, he most often tried to convey the peasant. He not only loved the people who lived in his country, but also hated those who made the lives of others unbearable.

Nekrasov always remained ready to rise up to fight the oppressors. He waited for such actions to begin, without hesitation, he laid down his life to open the eyes of the whole world to injustice.

Nekrasov explained his position in the poem “Knight for an Hour.” There he expressed the idea that the real struggle for people's rights is a great cause for all who love.

The poet was not afraid to talk about the real state of things. He had compassion for everyone who was oppressed.

Inspiration

What inspired Nekrasov? The wide expanses of the country, its green spaces, white winters, forests, fields, rivers, lakes and mountains. Despite the fact that the poet described the peasants with compassion, for him the people were always presented in the courageous, beautiful appearance of strong and unbroken people.

His work entitled “Silence” can be perceived as a declaration of love for his homeland. The poet says that he loves only her, he doesn’t need anyone else. Nekrasov wanted to see, during his lifetime, free peasants from whom all chains of oppression had been removed.

He complained that he might not see the moment when the peasants would be made free and happy.

The poet imagined what would happen at that moment when people became even stronger. The country will begin to prosper.

Female motives of Nekrasov's lyrics

The people's poet also drew his inspiration from simple girlish images. He liked to turn an unremarkable girl at first glance into a character who will forever remain in the hearts of readers. This type of Nekrasov’s lyrics is one of the main ones in the poet’s works.

The main character is a peasant woman who is capable of a variety of feats. She is devoted to her homeland. A woman can also be a loving mother.

The wealthy class beats and humiliates a simple peasant woman, but she endures everything in silence. The heroine works tirelessly.

The image of a simple Russian beauty with high moral qualities can be found in most of Nekrasov’s poems.

The poet wanted to teach his readers that not only what catches the eye, what is on the outside, is important, but also the inner world of a person. He himself admired such qualities as hard work, pride, and dedication.

In a poem about women from Russian villages, Nekrasov compares peasant women with real queens.

Bright image of the mother

The poet grew up in a family where he constantly saw the suffering of the person closest to him. His father played cards and was quite vulgar. And the mother was an intelligent woman who fell in love with an illiterate young man. She got married without her parents' consent and lived her whole life unhappy.

Nekrasov was very internally worried about his mother and the entire situation in the family. He later wrote about his mother’s share in such works as “A Knight for an Hour,” “Mother,” and “Last Songs.” This woman inspired him. She was the prototype for the most beloved heroines, strong and persistent in spirit, capable of surviving in difficult conditions.

Mother has always remained a positive character in any poem. In addition to her, in some poems there are also such heroes as the hero’s sister, as well as the father. But while the first is his friend, assistant, suffering from a cruel parent, the latter is described as a real despot.

Love lyrics

This style of writing poetry suggests the presence of feelings. If the ancient Greeks called lyrics and ballads that tell about love, then nothing changed in the time of the poet.

The themes of Nekrasov's lyrics have become even more intimate. It was love that inspired him to write new works.

However, the poet brought slightly different shades to it. If everyone else’s love lyrics are sublime and very inspiring, then Nekrasov’s is quite the opposite. His lovers become stupid, ironic and almost divorced from reality.

Nekrasov drew many ideas for his works from personal experiences and problems; they definitely left an imprint on his lyrics. He loved three different women at the same time. Two of them were absolutely inaccessible to the poet.

It is quite possible that by calling his characters rebellious or out of touch with reality, he subconsciously sought to get the same life, to experience the same emotions.

Civil lyrics by Nekrasov

Despite the fact that the poet’s love lyrics shine through in almost every poem, they take a wide variety of forms: suffering in the Fatherland, experiences, fears and hopes. Nekrasov keenly felt all the injustice of the world of those times.

He himself fulfilled his duty to the country and urged others to be guided by their own head and heart, not forgetting to give themselves for the good of the Motherland. One of the most frequently quoted phrases of Nikolai Alekseevich says that even if a person never becomes a poet, he will always remain a citizen.

An example of such lyrics by Nekrasov is not difficult to find. But the most revealing is “The Poet and the Citizen.” In it, the creator expresses all his thoughts about what an ideal resident of Russia should be like. Nekrasov talks about the morality of actions that will later influence the future generation.

The main line of this poem is the idea of ​​​​everyone's duty, which is to participate. Nekrasov's civic lyrics hint that anyone who sees other people's suffering should not simply pass by them. He is obliged to help somehow, to protect the oppressed people.

Nekrasov focused himself on the following personalities:

• Shevchenko;
• Dobrolyubova;
• Belinsky.

Their own essays and works were as socially acute as Nekrasov's lyrics. Poems dedicated to these great geniuses speak of the invaluable contribution they made to the art form of literature.

Source: https://FB.ru/article/169373/osnovnyie-motivyi-liriki-nekrasova

The main motives of N.A.’s lyrics Nekrasova

Content

Nekrasov is the successor and continuer of the best traditions of Russian poetry - its patriotism, citizenship and humanity.

The theme of the purpose of poetry is one of the main ones in Nekrasov’s lyrics. The poem “The Poet and the Citizen” is the poet’s dramatic reflection on the relationship between high citizenship and poetic art. Before us is a hero who is at a crossroads and, as it were, personifies different trends in the development of Russian poetry of those years, feeling the emerging disharmony between “civil poetry” and “pure art”.

The Poet's feelings change from irony towards the Citizen, from a feeling of superiority over him to irony, self-resentment, then to a feeling of irreversible loss of human and creative values ​​and then (in the last monologue) to gloomy embitterment. The movement of feelings in the Citizen: from the demand to “smash” vices boldly, to “expose evil” to the understanding of the active struggle and civic position necessary for real poetry. Essentially, what we have before us is not a duel between two opponents, but a mutual search for the true answer to the question about the role of the poet and the purpose of poetry in public life. Most likely, we are talking about a clash of different thoughts and feelings in the soul of one person. There is no winner in the dispute, but there is a general, only correct conclusion: the role of the artist in the life of society is so significant that it requires from him not only artistic talent, but also civic convictions.

The Muse of Nekrasova, the sister of the suffering, tormented, oppressed people (“Yesterday, at about six o’clock…”) entered the literature of the 19th century. Nekrasov’s muse not only sympathizes, she protests and calls for a fight: Remind the crowd that the people are in poverty, While she rejoices and sings, Arouse the attention of the powers that be to the people - What could the lyre serve more worthily?.. The theme of the people is traditionally considered Nekrasov’s topic. Ap. Grigoriev called him “a man with a people’s heart.” According to Dostoevsky, the poet “loved all those who suffered from violence.”

The poem “Troika” is written in Nekrasov’s favorite song genre. The rhythmic and stylistic structure of the poem is characterized by a special melodiousness and repetitions inherent in the Folk Song. In the center of the poem is the image of a peasant girl, whom “it’s not a wonder to look at.” The poem has two time layers: the present and the future. In the present, the girl lives in anticipation of love: “you know, the alarm sounded in her heart.” But in the future, a difficult fate awaits her, usual for a peasant woman: “your picky husband will beat you and your mother-in-law will bend you to death.” The end of the poem is full of sadness (“and they will bury you in a damp grave when you go through your difficult path”). The troika is a symbolic image that often appears in folk songs (“Here is the postal troika rushing”), it is always an image of freedom, will, a symbol of movement, dreams of happiness. In the last stanza, the motive clearly sounds: happiness is just a dream: “you won’t catch up with the crazy three.”

The poem “Reflections at the Front Entrance” is dominated by an epic beginning: a generalized description of the “front entrance” and a depiction of peasant petitioners. The poet does not endow each of the peasants with any specific, individual traits. The details of the portrait merge this group of people into a single poetic image: “village people”, “thin Armenian on the shoulders”, “a cross on the neck and blood on the feet”. In the second part a lyrical note appears. This is the author’s appeal to the “owner of luxurious palaces,” which sounds either excitedly pathetic (“Wake up!.. Turn them back! Their salvation is in you!”), or mournfully and angry (“What do you need this crying sorrow, what do you need this poor people ?”), then evil and ironic (“and you will go to your grave... a hero”).

In the final, third part, the epic and the lyrical merge together. The story of the men receives a concrete conclusion (“Behind the outpost, in a wretched tavern, the men will drink up to a ruble and go begging along the road...”). The poem ends with a question to which the poet does not have a definite answer: Will you wake up, full of strength? The so-called “penitential lyrics” are very important for understanding the features of Nekrasov’s poetry - “I will die soon”, “Knight for an hour”, “For this I deeply despise myself...”. It was Nekrasov’s hero who showed an example of courage and an attempt to overcome the tragic discord with himself, because it seemed to him that he did not correspond to the high ideal of a poet and a person. I will die soon... A pitiful legacy, O Motherland, I will leave to you... A special place in the “penitential lyrics” is occupied by the theme of the moral ideal, in search of which the lyrical hero turns primarily to those who carried within themselves pain about man, pain about Russia (“ On the death of Shevchenko”, “In Memory of Dobrolyubov”, “Prophet”). The people's intercessor is a sufferer who makes a sacrifice. A characteristic motif is the chosenness, exclusivity of great people who are carried by a “falling star,” but without whom “the field of life would die out.” The image of “people's defenders” reveals their deep democracy and organic connection with folk culture. No worse than us, he sees the impossibility of serving good without sacrificing himself. But he loves more sublimely and more broadly. There are no worldly thoughts in his soul. Nekrasov wrote about love in a new way. While poeticizing the ups and downs of love, he did not ignore that “prose” that is “inevitable in love.” In his poems the image of an independent heroine appeared, sometimes willful and unapproachable (“I don’t like your irony...”). The relationship between lovers in Nekrasov's lyrics has become more complex: spiritual intimacy gives way to disagreement and quarrel, the characters often do not understand each other, and this misunderstanding darkens their love. You and I are stupid people: Any minute, the flash is ready! Relief from an agitated chest, An unreasonable, harsh word. A tragic perception of life, compassion for one’s neighbor, merciless reflection and at the same time an unbridled thirst for happiness - these are the distinctive features of Nekrasov’s poetry.

Lyrics by Nekrasov, main themes and motives essay

Today in literature class we plunged into the world of Nekrasov’s creativity, studying his lyrics. Thanks to the studied material, we can identify the main themes of Nekrasov’s lyrics and characterize the features of his works.

Themes and motives of Nekrasov's lyrics

The poet Nekrasov appeared before us as a multifaceted personality and a talented poet, whose poetic world was diverse. Nekrasov was naturally hardworking and talented, and in his poems he touches on various topics and motives.

Among them, it is worth highlighting the theme of the people and the people's idea. Nekrasov did not ignore the theme of love for the Motherland; he touched upon the problems of the poet and poetry. Studying Nekrasov’s poems, one can distinguish both civil and love lyrics.

Let's take a brief look at individual themes and motifs in Nekrasov's lyrics.

The theme of the people in Nekrasov's lyrics

Despite the fact that the themes and motives of Nekrasov’s lyrics are multifaceted, the main motive of his works was still the theme of the people and their bitter fate. Each line in the verses of folk lyrics is the pain, suffering and torment of the people.

The writer shows readers how hard life is for ordinary people who suffer both from natural disasters and from landowners. For example, in the poem Forgotten Village, we see the lack of rights of the people, the indifference of landowners to the fate of people.

The keynote here is impunity and lack of rights. Nekrasov’s folk lyrics also reflect women’s fate, where they have to marry a slave, give birth to children from him, and submit to the slave.

In creating his works, the author pursued one goal, to show the reader the truth, to reveal the people's suffering, to illuminate the problems and aspirations of the people, their hopes, while exposing the culprits.

Motherland in Nekrasov's lyrics

Another important topic is the motives of the Motherland in Nekrasov’s lyrics. The feeling of love for the Motherland permeates all the author’s poems. The writer drew inspiration from his native lands. As the author of the poems writes, it is enough to get to your native land with its green summer, and the soul of poetry is full, and only in your homeland can you be a poet.

The image of his native land runs through all of Nekrasov’s work, where the poet calls his country Mother Russia. Studying the theme of the Motherland in Nekrasov’s work, we understand that it is inextricably linked and intertwined with the motif of people’s suffering, where the writer does not hide his hatred of serfdom.

Poems about the Motherland are the poet’s thoughts about the fate of the country, thoughts about who can live well in Rus', thoughts about his destiny as a poet and as a citizen.

Nekrasov’s poems are an excellent example of love for one’s Motherland and an illustrative example of how important it is to be a citizen of one’s country and not to forget about patriotic principles.

Source: https://sochinyshka.ru/lirika-nekrasova-osnovnye-temy-i-motivy-sochinenie.html

The main motives of N. Nekrasov’s poetry. The main themes and motives of Nekrasov's lyrics

Botany

Today in literature class we plunged into the world of Nekrasov’s creativity, studying his lyrics. Thanks to the studied material, we can identify the main themes of Nekrasov’s lyrics and characterize the features of his works.

Themes and motives of Nekrasov's lyrics

Love is not only happiness, it can bring pain and suffering. Love can spiritually enrich a person, and it can make a person weak. Such lines by Nekrasov, where he asks his beloved to forget falls and melancholy, not to remember storms and tears, show how complex the feeling of love is, and how many obstacles sometimes have to be overcome on the path to happiness. Nekrasov calls to remember only the best that happened between lovers. Even though love, according to the writer, brings torment, quarrels, and resentment, but at the same time it gives meaning to life.

The theme of the people in Nekrasov's lyrics

Despite the fact that the themes and motives of Nekrasov’s lyrics are multifaceted, the main motive of his works was still the theme of the people and their bitter fate. Each line in the verses of folk lyrics is the pain, suffering and torment of the people. The writer shows readers how hard life is for ordinary people who suffer both from natural disasters and from landowners. For example, in the poem Forgotten Village, we see the lack of rights of the people, the indifference of landowners to the fate of people. The keynote here is impunity and lack of rights. Nekrasov’s folk lyrics also reflect women’s fate, where they have to marry a slave, give birth to children from him, and submit to the slave. In creating his works, the author pursued one goal, to show the reader the truth, to reveal the people's suffering, to illuminate the problems and aspirations of the people, their hopes, while exposing the culprits.

Litra.ru

Nekrasov's poetic world is surprisingly rich and varied. The talent that nature generously endowed him with and his extraordinary hard work helped the poet create such polyphonic and melodious lyrics.

Let's talk about Nekrasov's political and civil lyrics. The meeting with V. G. Belinsky played a big role not only in Nekrasov’s life, but also in his work. A poet has no personal life without creativity; they are always interconnected. One is reflected in the other, influencing and interacting with each other. Under the direct influence of Belinsky’s democratic ideas, the poet created wonderful poems: “Motherland”, “Troika”, “Before the Rain”, “Driving along a dark street at night...”, “Yesterday, at about six o’clock...”

The poem “Motherland” is largely autobiographical. The author, depicting the true events of life that he witnessed, creatively rethinks them. This poem is inspired by childhood memories of life in Greshnev. It denounces serfdom, despotism, and the complete downtroddenness of the peasants. The poet describes the estate:

The theme of denunciation of serfdom and autocracy, love for the common man, sympathy for the offended and oppressed runs like a red thread through all of Nekrasov’s work. The poet was able to reflect all the horror and lawlessness of autocratic Russia in a very short, but surprisingly capacious poem:

The theme of the Muse, woman, mother runs through all of Nekrasov’s work, from the early poems “On the Road”, “Troika”, “Storm” to the mature works of the sixties and seventies “Frost, Red Nose”, “Orina, the Soldier’s Mother”, “ Peddlers."

Nekrasov, as we have already noted, does not have purely love lyrics. She is completely imbued with civic feeling. In the poem “The Poet and the Citizen,” Nekrasov equates these two words, calling on the poet to wake up from bliss and inaction and join the fight for the good of the people.

The poem is written in the form of a dialogue - a dispute between a citizen and a poet, who calls on the talented poet to raise his voice in defense of the disadvantaged, the poor, the orphans. He will fulfill his duty if he alleviates the fate of at least one, but the poet is able to help thousands, he should not remain silent:

The poet doubts the power of his powers, the possibility of demonstrating these powers for the good of the Motherland. But the citizen inspires him to perform a feat in the name of the public good:

You may not be a poet.

But you have to be a citizen.

What is a citizen? This is a person who is responsible for everything that happens in his homeland, experiences failures and rejoices at the country’s achievements. He wears her wounds as if they were his own. The poet dedicated many poems to specific people, true fighters for the happiness of Russia: “In Memory of Belinsky”, “Russian Writer”, “Turgenev”, “Prophet”, dedicated to Chernyshevsky. In them, the poet speaks about people who are spiritually close to him, like-minded people and comrades in the struggle:

Many of Nekrasov’s poems are devoted to the description of folk, village life. Nekrasov grew up on the Volga. The image of the great Russian river is constantly found in his works. Throughout his life, Nekrasov’s connection with his native land constantly influenced his work:

The poem “Elegy” adequately completes Nekrasov’s lyrics. In it, the poet says that the folk theme cannot become obsolete, as long as there are unfortunate and disadvantaged people, the position cannot turn away from this theme. It is impossible to embrace the immensity. And Nekrasov’s lyrics are rich in water, like a river. We have touched only a small part of it. Nekrasov reflected in his work all the diversity and complexity of life. His poetry is inexhaustible, like folk wisdom, and beautiful, like Russia, which he served, on the altar of which he laid down his talent and life.

Since childhood, each of us has been familiar with the heartfelt poems and poems of Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov. In his work, he expressed the thoughts and hopes of ordinary people with such force with which no poet before him had succeeded. Therefore, the poet says with confidence:

I dedicated the lyre to my people,

Perhaps I will die unknown to him.

But I served him - and my heart is calm.

The pictures of life he created impress with truth and depth. In his works, he expressed the deepest aspirations of the people, their bright aspirations. With love, compassion and understanding, Nekrasov created the image of a common man. He noticed a lively mind and talent in him. For him

Share of the people

His happiness

Light and freedom

First of all!

Peasant women occupy a special place in his work. Nikolai Alekseevich shows their painful and difficult life in serf Russia and, at the same time, remarkable qualities: beauty, moral purity, a sense of personal dignity. They were very beautiful and proud then. Treasures of kindness and nobility were hidden in their souls. Everyone endured hunger, cold, poverty, and disaster. But a difficult life, full of hardships and hardships, did not break the will, did not diminish the character of the Russian woman. The poem “Red Nose Frost”, the poems “Arina”, “Soldier’s Mother”, “Village suffering is in full swing” indicate that Nekrasov firmly believes in their wonderful bright future.

With his poems, the poet expressed the progressive aspirations of the progressive youth of his day, awakened their consciousness, and called for action:

It's time to get up! You know yourself

What a time it is.

In whom the sense of duty has not cooled,

Who is incorruptibly straight in heart,

Who has talent, strength, accuracy,

Tom shouldn't sleep now.

In his works dedicated to Russian writers, N. A. Nekrasov spoke about people who were spiritually close to him, like-minded people and comrades in the struggle. After the death of Dobrolyubov and the arrest of Chernyshevsky, he wrote:

Bonds of friendship, unions of the heart

Everything was torn apart, my destiny since childhood

She sent long-lasting enemies,

And friends were carried away by the struggle!

The poet very much regrets that “the prophetic songs are not finished.” Nikolai Alekseevich also highly appreciated the works of the critic:

Belinsky was especially loved...

Praying to your long-suffering shadow,

Teacher! Before your name

Let me humbly kneel!

Many poems were written on this topic, among them “The Poet and the Citizen”, “Newspaper”, “Blessed is the Gentle Poet”.

I especially like “In Memory of Dobrolyubov”. In it, Nekrasov reflected his life’s feat, the spiritual power of the best among the sixties, “navigators of the future storm.” Here, in his words, “he tried to express... the ideal of a public figure.” From the poet’s point of view, this is a stern, intelligent, reasonable person. His feelings are imbued with boundless love for the Motherland. He is chastely reserved, but this does not mean that he is not able to give himself in her name:

You taught to live for glory and freedom.

But you taught me more to die...

In order for the homeland to become better, more beautiful, Dobrolyubov gave it his labors, hopes, and thoughts. He did everything so that the hour of revolution would strike quickly and a bright future would come:

Calling for new life,

And a bright paradise, and pearls for a crown

Did you cook for your harsh mistress?

Nekrasov mourns for his young friend, comrade-in-arms and is proud of him as a true hero:

But your hour struck too soon

And the prophetic pen fell from his hands.

What a lamp of reason has gone out!

What heart has stopped beating!

Although many years have passed since his death, he remains in the hearts of people, and his works are highly valued. Nekrasov mourns that the Russian land has lost such a person, at the same time the poet calls on her to be proud of such a son, in whom

Treasures of spiritual beauty

They were combined gracefully.

N. A. Nekrasov says that

If only such people

Sometimes you wouldn't send it to the world,

The field of life would die out.

The poem sounds solemn, like a hymn to a hero who has earned the right to immortality, to the grateful memory of his descendants. The last line suddenly ends, as if the poet is unable to finish his speech or falls silent, overwhelmed by thoughts about man, about life, about immortality.

“In Memory of Dobrolyubov” contains a lot of artistic and inventive means. Rhetorical exclamations give particular expressiveness, helping to highlight the main idea contained in it, emphasizing the author’s feelings, his attitude towards this person. Comparisons enhance the emotionality of the poet’s speech. For example:

As a woman, you loved your homeland...

Such epithets as “severe mistress”, “bright paradise”, “prophetic feather”, etc., help us imagine, evaluate this person, find out his beliefs and activities. Precisely chosen verbs: did not give, could, taught, rejected and others make it clear that Dobrolyubov had a huge influence on his contemporaries and the subsequent generation.

Having studied Nekrasov’s lyrics, I was convinced that he was a true folk poet. His poems have not lost their relevance today. From them we learn about the creativity and activities of outstanding people of his era, about the plight of the peasants, about the role of the poet and poetry in society. They make us think about our history.

The main motives of N. A. Nekrasov’s lyrics

N. A. Nekrasov was “a poetic exponent of an entire era of our social development” (Plekhanov), who responded to the most pressing issues of pre-reform and post-reform Russia, the main one of which was the question of ways to free peasants from serfdom. Nekrasov was a truly people's poet, writing about the people, for the people, on behalf of the people. All his work is permeated with love for the people.

In Nekrasov’s poetry, the people and the homeland are two inseparable concepts, two images fused together. It is no coincidence that one of his first poems is called “Motherland” (1846). The poem expresses hatred of the noble manor life, familiar places do not evoke a surge of tender feelings in the poet, his heart does not overflow with love. When remembering the days of his youth, his chest is constricted by “anger and melancholy,” because pictures of the “sterile and empty” life of his fathers arise in his memory:

The debauchery of dirty and petty tyranny, Where a swarm of depressed and trembling slaves envied the life of obedient master's dogs.

Only the images of the unfortunate mother, who “carried her lot in silence as a slave,” “given forever to a gloomy ignorant,” and the sister, who shared “both the grief and the shame of her terrible fate,” evoke feelings of love and longing.

Another poem by Nekrasov, “On the Volga,” is also perceived as autobiographical. The experiences of his lyrical hero largely reflected the real impressions of the author. The angry and enthusiastic notes of Nekrasov’s poetry sounded even brighter in it.

The poet associates the majestic Russian river with his homeland, with Russia. Every time after separation from the Volga (where the poet spent his childhood and youth), his heart overflows with love, the poet cannot help but express his tremulous feelings:

Oh Volga!.., my cradle! Has anyone ever loved you like I do?

In The main motives of the lyrics of N. A. Nekrasov

The great Russian river Volga also included - “the blessed river, the nurse of the people.” But the pictures seen in childhood will never be erased from the poet’s memory: the slave, exhausting labor of barge haulers, “the rags of miserable poverty, emaciated features”: Oh, bitterly, bitterly I wept, When that morning I stood on the banks of my native river And for the first time He called it the River of Slavery and Melancholy!..

The poem “Reflections at the Main Entrance” (1858) is the poet’s reflections about the people and those in whose hands their fate lies. The poet depicts the people with sympathy: “Where there are people, there is a groan...” - and with angry indignation - the complete indifference of the nobleman, who does not like the “tattered mob”:

What is this crying sorrow to you, what is this poor people to you? An eternal holiday, quickly running Life does not allow you to wake up...

Nekrasov’s poem “The Railway” (1864) is imbued with faith in the mighty forces of the people. The author depicts the backbreaking labor of the working people, driven by hunger from their villages to build the railway. Sadness, indignation and admiration are the main feelings embodied in this poem by the poet.

Sadness over the painful situation of the people, indignation not only against the oppressors, but also against the long-suffering, obedience of the people - this is what worries the author. And at the same time, admiration for the Russian people, capable of enduring any trials. The poet believes in the future of Russia, but regrets that he himself will no longer see this time;

He will endure everything - and pave a wide, clear path for himself. It’s just a pity - neither I nor you will have to live in this beautiful time.

In the poem “Elegy” (1874), Nekrasov also talks about the plight of the people and defines the high purpose of his poetry:

I dedicated the lyre to my people. Perhaps I will die, unknown to him, But I served him - and my heart is calm.

The author’s position on the question of the purpose of the poet and poetry is most fully presented in the poem “The Poet and the Citizen” (1856), written in the form of a dialogue, but not as a clash of two opponents, but, on the contrary, in the form of a mutual search for the true answer to the question about the role of the poet And. the purpose of poetry in public life.

Apparently, therefore, there is no winner in the dispute, but there is a general, only correct conclusion: the role of the artist in the life of society is so significant that it requires from him not only artistic talent, but also civic convictions, an active struggle for these convictions. And the main idea that Nekrasov affirms in this poem sounds like a call: “You may not be a poet, but you must be a citizen.”

This comparison is unexpected, but not accidental. Two images - a tortured peasant woman and a muse - merge into one, and it becomes permanent for Nekrasov.

The poet truthfully and deeply depicts the fate of a simple Russian woman in the poem “Troika” (1846), her bitter fate and the difficult trials that befell her:

And they will bury you in a damp grave, As you go through your difficult path, Uselessly extinguished strength And an unwarmed chest.

Nekrasov's poetry reflected all the wealth and best qualities of the Russian people: their wisdom, culture, character traits, moral strength, spiritual wealth, as well as a deep sense of love for their homeland, for their land, for nature.

Bright colors, romantic motives of lyrics

, the connection of nature with the life of a peasant, his work, hopes, dreams - characteristic features of pictures of Russian nature in Nekrasov’s poetry.

The poet never ceases to admire the vastness of his Motherland, the richness of its nature: Combining almost half the world in itself, Rus' stretches wide, dear! We have a lot of forests and fields, There are a lot of arable lands and animals in our fatherland! In the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” pictures of nature enhance and emphasize the mental state of the characters - melancholy or joy, anxiety, elation, etc.

Thus, for more than thirty years of creative activity, Nekrasov made a worthy contribution to the development of Russian poetry. An entire era in Russian literature is associated with his name in the minds of many generations of readers. With his name, something special entered literature that did not become outdated over the years, but developed and deepened. This is a special feeling of nationality and citizenship, new poetic discoveries, reflected in the poetry of Blok and other poets of the 20th century.

https://rupoem.ru/nekrasov/all.aspx (All poems)

https://briefly.ru/nekrasov/komu_na_rusi/ Who can live well in Rus'

Nekrasov is the successor and continuer of the best traditions of Russian poetry - its patriotism, citizenship and humanity.

1.Theme about the purpose of poetry

- one of the main ones in Nekrasov’s lyrics. Nekrasov’s citizenship is closely connected with his understanding of the purpose of the poet.
What should a poet be like? What is his role in society? What are the tasks of poetry? In the poem “The Poet and the Citizen,”
Nekrasov outlined his poetic program and expressed his views on the social duty of the poet. He wrote that a true poet cannot be indifferent to the grief and torment of “those who do not have bread.”

Go into the fire for the honor of your fatherland,

For conviction, for love...

Go and die perfectly,

You will not die in vain - the matter is solid,

When blood flows underneath.

It contains the poet’s dramatic reflection on the relationship between high citizenship and poetic art. Before us is a hero who is at a crossroads and, as it were, personifies different trends in the development of Russian poetry of those years, feeling the emerging disharmony between “civil poetry” and “pure art.”

The movement of feelings in the Citizen: from the demand to “smash” vices boldly, to “expose evil” to the understanding of the active struggle and civic position necessary for real poetry. There is no winner in the dispute, but there is a general, only correct conclusion: the role of the artist in the life of society is so significant that it requires from him not only artistic talent, but also civic convictions.

The Muse of Nekrasov entered the literature of the 19th century

- sister of the suffering, tormented, oppressed people
(“Yesterday, at about six o’clock…”).
Nekrasov’s muse not only sympathizes, she protests and calls for struggle.

2. Theme of the people and women's destiny

traditionally considered a Nekrasov topic. Ap. Grigoriev called him “a man with a people’s heart.” According to Dostoevsky, the poet “loved all those who suffered from violence.”

Poem "Troika"

written in Nekrasov’s favorite
song genre.
At the center of the poem is the image of a peasant girl, whom “it’s not a wonder to look at.”
The poem has two time layers: the present and the future. In the present, the girl lives in anticipation of love: “you know, the alarm sounded in her heart.” But in the future, a difficult fate awaits her, usual for a peasant woman: “your picky husband will beat you and your mother-in-law will bend you to death.” The end of the poem is full of sadness (“and they will bury you in a damp grave when you go through your difficult path”). The troika is a symbolic image that often appears in folk songs (“Here is the postal troika rushing”), it is always an image of freedom, will, a symbol of movement, dreams of happiness. In the last stanza, the motive clearly sounds: happiness is just a dream: “you won’t catch up with the crazy three.” The poem “Motherland”
reveals another side of Nekrasov’s personality. Let us read the lines about the majestic soul of a patient woman, the poet’s mother:

But I know: your soul was not dispassionate;

She was proud, stubborn and beautiful,

And everything that you had the strength to endure,

Your dying whisper has forgiven the destroyer!..

Nikolai Alekseevich carried the image of his mother, dear to his heart, throughout his entire life. Five years after her death, he will talk about the tragic fate of a dear person, consonant with the fates of many Russian women. Nekrasov always remembered his mother as a strong woman. Selfless love for her children, mercy and the ability to forgive, but at the same time perseverance, courage, fidelity - the poet endowed many of his heroines with these characteristic traits of a mother.

3. “Lyrical epicness” as a phenomenon of Nekrasov’s lyrics

.

One of the phenomena of N. A. Nekrasov’s poetry is the phenomenon of “lyrical epicness”.

This phenomenon directly runs through the poet’s entire work, originating in the early collection
“Dreams and Sounds,”
where

reflected a gradual change in his ideological creative ideas...

The poem “Reflections at the Front Entrance” is dominated by an epic beginning:

a generalized description of the “front entrance” and a description of the peasant petitioners. The poet does not endow each of the peasants with any specific, individual traits. The details of the portrait merge this group of people into a single poetic image: “village people”, “thin Armenian on the shoulders”, “a cross on the neck and blood on the feet”. In the second part a lyrical note appears. This is the author’s appeal to the “owner of luxurious chambers,” which sounds either excitedly pathetic (“Wake up!.. Turn them back! Their salvation is in you!”), or mournful and angry (“What is this crying sorrow to you, what is this poor people to you?” ?”), then evil and ironic (“and you will go to your grave... a hero”).

In the final, third part, the epic and the lyrical merge together. The story of the men receives a concrete conclusion (“Behind the outpost, in a wretched tavern, the men will drink up to a ruble and go begging along the road...”). The poem ends with a question to which the poet does not have a definite answer:

Will you wake up full of strength?

The so-called “penitential lyrics” are very important for understanding the peculiarities of Nekrasov’s poetry - “I will die soon”, “Knight for an hour”, “For this I deeply despise myself...”

, it was Nekrasov’s hero who showed an example of courage and an attempt to overcome the tragic discord with himself, because it seemed to him that he did not correspond to the high ideal of a poet and a person.

I will die soon... A pitiful inheritance,

Oh homeland, I will leave you...

A special place in the “penitential lyrics” is occupied by the theme of the moral ideal

, in search of which the lyrical hero turns first of all to those who carried within themselves pain about man, pain about Russia
(“On the Death of Shevchenko”, “In Memory of Dobrolyubov”, “Prophet”)
. The people's intercessor is a sufferer who makes a sacrifice. A characteristic motif is the chosenness, exclusivity of great people who sweep by as a “falling star,” but without whom “the field of life would die out.” The image of “people's defenders” reveals their deep democracy and organic connection with folk culture.

He sees the impossibility as well as we do.

Serve good without sacrificing yourself.

But he loves more sublimely and more widely,

There are no worldly thoughts in his soul.

He supplemented the narrow

new topic
- social.
Not love for a woman, not the beauty of nature, but the suffering of the poor tortured by poverty - this is the source of lyrical emotions in many of Nekrasov’s poems...

The most striking manifestation of a new lyrical theme - social - was the poem “Am I Driving Down a Dark Street at Night”

(1847).
This is a heartbreaking story of a woman who was driven to the panel by poverty, hunger and the death of her child. “Defenseless, sick and homeless,” the woman evokes pity, but there is no way to help the unfortunate victim of social disorder. Many poems from the 40s and 50s are from the same series: “On the Road.”
“Before the Rain”, “Troika”, “Motherland”, “Hound Hunt”, a small cycle “On the Street”, “Uncompressed Strip”. "Masha." “She suffered a heavy cross,” “In the hospital.” The pathos of these poems, the source of lyricism in them, is summed up and generalized in the short poem
“A Knight for an Hour”
(1862), especially in the famous lines: “From the rejoicing, idly chattering, Staining their hands in blood, Lead me to the camp of those who are perishing for the great cause of love,” - the poet addresses his mother.

The second artistic principle of Nekrasov-lyricist is social analyticism

. And this was new in Russian poetry, absent from Pushkin and Lermontov, especially from Tyutchev and Fet. From preschool age we remember the poem “Once upon a time, in the cold winter season” - about a little man. But not everyone knows what precedes this passage in the poem “Peasant Children,” where the hero turns “the other side of the medal of peasant childhood.

Social analyticism permeates two of his most famous poems, “Reflections at the Front Door” (1858) and “The Railway” (1864).

In “Reflections...” a specific isolated fact - the arrival of men with a request or complaint to the Minister of State Property - is elevated to the rank of a typical phenomenon.

The two principles of reflecting reality in Nekrasov’s lyrics naturally led to the third principle—revolutionism.

The lyrical hero of Nekrasov’s poetry is convinced that only a people’s, peasant revolution can change the life of Russia for the better.
The revolutionary consciousness of the lyrical hero Nekrasov gave his poems an agitation and propaganda character. This side of the lyrical hero’s consciousness was especially evident in poems dedicated to Nekrasov’s associates in the revolutionary democratic movement and other leaders of this movement: Belinsky, Dobrolyubov, Chernyshevsky, Pisarev. “
In the poem
“In Memory of Belinsky
,” the poet shares with readers sad memories of a friend, whose “naive and passionate soul” strove “for one high goal.” Before the reader is a real image of a man who lived, dreamed and struggled, “persevering, worrying and hastening”, and not at all a stone monument erected on the grave by friends.

You loved us, you were faithful to friendship -

And we honored you in good time!