Prejudice and bigotry
Both prejudice and bigotry are condemned in society. They are akin to such human personality traits as lack of enlightenment, ignorance, and a tendency to lie and hypocrisy.
In this regard, the author puts forward the following problem. In Soviet pre-perestroika times, both prejudices and hypocrisy in people were sharply condemned and were unacceptable in the personality of a decent person. The concept of “prejudice” meant belief in something supernatural, some dark forces that dominated people and controlled their behavior. The evil principle: prophetic dreams, messengers from the other world, black cats, bad premonitions - instilled fear in the souls of people and, as it was believed, deprived them of their will.
The word “hypocrisy” meant pretense, insincerity, covered by arguments about honesty and ostentatious holiness. So what was condemned about bigots? Pretense (they said one thing, but in reality they were different) or deceit? But the bigots, if they talked about the need to help their neighbors, then in reality they helped those same neighbors. So why was it necessary to despise bigots?
Commenting on this problem, it should be said that both of these concepts: hypocrisy and prejudice - are today viewed from a positive perspective.
What is the author's position? A different, new understanding of prejudice and bigotry is penetrating into the public consciousness, into the system of ideas about morality. The author refers to the great Pushkin, who saw the following meaning in the word “prejudice”: it is an almost unconscious, but deep sense of truth that lives in every person and helps him distinguish bad from good, sincerity from lies, pretense from the living manifestation of human nature.
How do we explain the concept of “hypocrisy” today? Condemning the selfish, selfish motives of a person, covered with a mask of holiness, the bearers of Soviet morality did not take into account the fact that the so-called bigots not only spoke lofty words, but also did good deeds.
The first example confirming the correctness of the author’s position can be cited from the play by A.N. Ostrovsky "The Thunderstorm". Wanderers visit the house of the pious merchant Kabanova. Katerina speaks about them, recalling her girlhood years in her mother’s house, where “it was so good.” It can be argued that the piety of these people without specific activities is ostentatious, that they show zeal in worshiping the Lord insincerely, falsely, for a piece of bread. The comment is: so what? Whether they pretend or not when they bring glory to the Lord in prayer is not so important. The important thing is that they experience the revitalizing power of goodness, the generosity of the human heart, and in some difficult times they live by it.
Second example. Due to the fact that Christianity in its original essence was closer to people from the people, this had its consequences. There was communication between people, and their religious understanding of the world was enriched. People from the people, the peasantry, representatives of the bourgeois and merchant classes went to monasteries, walked in religious processions to holy places, begging the Almighty for mercy, grace and salvation.
The path to grace was difficult, and it was rewarded with both health and, most often, success in life.
The problem of the relationship between man and nature. The role of nature in human life The problem of environmental disaster The problem of seeing beauty in the ordinary Friendship History The problem of preserving historical memory. Attitude to cultural heritage The role of cultural traditions in the moral development of man Fathers and sons The problem of disrespectful attitude of youth towards old age and the elderly. The problem of loneliness. The problem of assessing talent by contemporaries. Labor The problem of drug addiction. The problem of love for the motherland The problem of choosing a profession. Russian language The problem of moral duty, moral choice. The problem of the national spirit in tragic moments of history War and peace The problem of the moral strength of a common soldier The problem of the heroic everyday life of war Literature and poetry Mind, knowledge, books, science The role of books in human life Good and evil Kind speech Conscience, morality Youth, youth Will, freedom Heroism, feats Art Sports, movement The problem of responsibility. Self-sacrifice. Love for one's neighbor. Self-realization of a person. Life as a struggle for happiness False values The problem of the development of science and technology The fate of the world is in everyone's hands The role of the individual in history The impact of art on the spiritual development of a person The educational function of art Interpersonal relationships Fear in human life The problem of human rights and responsibilities The problem of moral degradation of the individual Man and scientific progress The role of science in modern life. Spiritual consequences of scientific discoveries. Scientific progress and moral qualities of man. Laws of social development. Man and power Man and knowledge. The problem of conscience The role of example. Education of a person The problem of spirituality The problem of a boorish attitude towards others (or (un) worthy behavior in society) The problem of the influence of religion on a person’s life The problem of moral disgust The problem of human stinginess The problem of a person’s true and false interest in culture The influence of art and culture on a person The problem of ethical aspects of human cloning The problem of true and false education The problem of heredity The problem of the influence of scientific activity on the life and habits of a person The problem of the truth of art The problem of timely receipt of education The problem of attitude to study The problem of the relationship between science and religion The problem of human perception of the world The problem of hypocrisy, sycophancy The problem of bribery, lawlessness of officials The problem of philistinism The problem of transience human happiness The problem of the influence of the teacher's personality on the formation of the character of students The problem of irresponsibility of officials. The problem of the Russian village The problem of love of freedom The problem of a person realizing superpowers The problem of the relationship between the people and the authorities The problem of courage and heroism in peacetime The problem of heroism during the Great Patriotic War The problem of the heroism of people of peaceful professions during the Great Patriotic War c The problem of national unity during the WWII The problem of prisoners of war The problem of patriotism The problem of true and false patriotism The problem of geniuses confronting the outside world The problem of the tragic position of man in a totalitarian state The role of the individual in history The problem of moral lessons of history The problem of betrayal during the war The problem of motherhood The problem of the transformative power of parental love The problem parental feat The problem of the unmerciful attitude of adults towards a child The life and fate of women The problem of finding the meaning of life The problem of the moral health of the nation The problem of the role of the intelligentsia in society The problem of lonely old age The problem of the attitude towards the native language The problem of inspiration. Psychological problem of inferiority complex Problem of fathers and children Problem of human limitations Problem of childhood crime Problem of non-standard spiritual search of modern young people Problem of unity of peoples and cultures Problem of crime based on interethnic hostility (or nationalism) Problem of human perception of the animal world Problem of human attitude towards animals Problem of attitude to study The problem of computer abuse The problem of the future of the book The problem of educating true masters of the performing arts The role of printed publications in modern Russia The role of television in human life The problem of relationships between women and men Love
Here we have selected for you popular problems regarding lying from texts for preparing for the Unified State Exam in the Russian language. The arguments revealing them are selected from Russian literature. You can download all this in table format at the end of the article or read them directly on this page with convenient navigation on problematic issues.
- One of the central themes in Gorky’s play “At the Depths”
is the problem of “white lies.” Thus, Luke and Satin represent two opposing points of view: to tell the truth, despite mental torment, or to lie, but with intent, implying compassion for “your neighbor.” The preacher consoled the inhabitants of the shelter and gave them hope, even if it was not supported by real reasons. But the sharper spoke out against such false healing; he told the truth head-on, without thinking about how his interlocutor would accept it. In his opinion, a real person must live with open eyes, without illusions. Since Luke capitulated with his philosophy and left those who believed him to their fate, we conclude that the author is on the side of Satin, that is, a lie cannot be justified by good. - Sometimes in life there are situations that require lying to save yourself or a loved one. A.S.
Pushkin in the novel “The Captain's Daughter” contrasts ordinary deception with the “white lie” that helped Masha Grineva escape from Emelyan Pugachev. If not for the cunning move of Pyotr Grinev, the innocent girl could have been executed. Each of us must distinguish between cases when to bend our hearts means saving a person from terrible misfortune. Then we can go against the truth. But in other situations, when personal gain is involved, this trick is immoral and borders on a moral crime. - Comedy A.S.
Griboyedov's "Woe from Wit" also contains the theme of pretense and deception. The main character assumes the presence of lies, but only in cases where it is necessary to save true love. So, for example, Sophia deceives Famusov in order to secretly meet with his secretary. Her intentions are pure, but with this crookedness the girl approaches the hypocritical way of life of that society, whose morals are far from ideal. Her feeling turns out to be an exposed illusion, her knight turns out to be an ordinary swindler, and her lie turns out to be the first step into the secular world of falsehood and deception. So even a “white lie” does not lead to good, because a person cannot always figure out what is good.
False values
- False values are a boat without a life preserver. Victims of circumstances suffer because they did not realize their own mistake in time. Sofia Pavlovna is the main character of the comedy by A.S.
Griboedov’s “Woe from Wit” is a “hostage” of his own beliefs. So, Sophia’s ideal is the modest Molchalin, while Chatsky, who loves her all his life, is a person “not her type.” The collapse of her hopes for a future together with her father’s secretary collapses after she learns that Molchalin’s feelings are not reciprocated. This becomes a real tragedy, which Sophia cannot cope with due to her shock. Alas, her values turned out to be extracts from vulgar novels, and not real truths that guide a person. - Often, false values can play a cruel joke on the entire society. For example, in N. Gogol’s comedy “The Inspector General”
people are accustomed to building their own future on greed, hypocrisy and self-interest. They were engaged in embezzlement for many years. Their desire to appear before the auditor in the role of respectable managers is an opportunity to save their place, but, having given their savings to the impostor, they found themselves captive to their own values. Because of them, they found themselves in a comical situation, which turned out to be a complete failure for them. - A.S. Pushkin in the novel “The Captain's Daughter”
contrasts morality and ethics with false values. For example, Pyotr Grinev did not tarnish his honor even when he was threatened with execution. The same cannot be said about Shvabrin, who went over his head for personal wealth - this suggests that false values kill in a person everything that connects him with people. Alexey followed the path of selfishness and reached the collapse of his desires and hopes, because society turned its back on him.
Popular writings
- Essay Moral problems in the play The Thunderstorm
Play by A.N. Ostrovsky's "The Thunderstorm" appeared at a difficult time for the people and caused a lot of discussion among critics of that time. For some people, it became hope on the path to change and an opportunity to live differently - Essays on the works of Yesenin
Sometimes you read Yesenin’s soulful poems, and you feel that he is writing to a loved one. And anyone who holds a collection of Yesenin’s poems in their hands becomes one. - Works based on paintings by Yablonskaya
Description of paintings by Yablonskaya
The Problem of Hypocrisy
- The same person can contain both virtue and commercialism, but what exactly prevails in him? F. Dostoevsky tried to answer this question in the novel Crime and Punishment
, where Pyotr Luzhin simply plays the role of a “decent person,” when in fact he is “low and disgusting.” His desire to woo Duna is explained not by “love”, but by the desire to have a pliable wife who will revere his every word. However, he strenuously pretends that this is not so. The hypocrisy and meanness in his behavior, fortunately, were noticed before Dunya's fatal mistake, so Peter was expelled in disgrace. - In A. Chekhov's story “Tears of a Crocodile”
we can see both hypocrisy and duplicity. The main character, Polycarp Judas, “suffers” from the injustice of the lives of poor people, while he himself rips them off to the last thread. “Crocodile tears” is a common expression that signifies the grief of an insincere person such as Judah. His behavior cannot be justified in any way. - An outwardly wealthy person from a material point of view may not be the same “wealthy” in his soul. speaks about this in the novel “War and Peace
,” where Prince Vasily does everything based on his own benefit. Even coming to Anna Pavlovna did not mean “secular politeness”, but the possibility of settling their children. He deceives Pierre, almost robs him, miraculously not having time to intercept the will of the old count. But in words the hero is always exquisitely courteous and kind, he has a high position and a good reputation.
What is hypocrisy?
The word “hypocrisy” first appeared in the era of Ancient Rome. In those days, it was used to refer to stage actors who literally put on masks (faces) to portray various characters on stage.
In the modern interpretation, hypocrisy is the behavior of a person in which his words and actions do not correspond to his true beliefs and feelings. Synonyms of this word in Russian are lies, duplicity, hypocrisy, pretense, slyness, falsehood.
Nowadays, the characteristic “two-faced” is applied to an insincere person who hides his malicious intentions and negative attitude towards others under the mask of external goodwill.
According to psychologists, a modern hypocrite is a skilled manipulator who perfectly senses the weaknesses of his interlocutor and plays on his pain points, fears, and prejudices.
In simple words, this is insincerity in views and judgments. A hypocritical person often changes his views and positions depending on immediate gain. Hypocrisy is based either on fear or on the desire to be better than other people.
Every person (who is this?) has the ability to adapt to the situation . In different situations you need to behave differently. This is a natural instinct and it is this line of behavior that allowed the generation to survive. There's nothing you can do about it.
But the hypocrite raises this natural ability to its apogee and uses it one hundred percent for purely selfish purposes. On the other hand, every person has been two-faced at least once in his life in order to avoid some unpleasant and difficult situations. The main thing is that this does not become your prevailing line of behavior.
Remorse of a deceiver
- The problem of remorse because of a lie told is clearly visible
. ” The main character, the boy Vitya, must collect a basket of berries to get the coveted gingerbread, but the guys persuade him to collect grass and put berries on top. The boy is tormented by his conscience for a long time, and he decides to confess to a deliberate lie - this suggests that Vitya is capable of admitting his own mistake, and this is an undoubted step towards the “highest moral ideal.” - A similar example can be seen on the pages of V. Bykov’s story “Sotnikov”.
Throughout the story, the author introduces us to several characters, and one of them recalls the incident with his father’s Mauser, from which he fired. Having admitted the mistake, he still feels remorse for the lie, which was that his mother pushed him to the “truth”, and not his desire.
Consequences of lying
- A similar example can be found on the pages of the novel by M.Yu.
Lermontov's "Hero of Our Time" , where Grushnitsky's slander against Princess Mary for the sake of revenge on Pechorin dissolves in justice. Deciding to switch the duelist's weapon, the dishonest man becomes exposed. Gregory realized that his friend wanted to win the battle by deception. Then the inactive weapon goes to the deceiver himself. Grushnitsky dies, and Pechorin draws disappointing conclusions. - In A. Ostrovsky’s play “The Dowry,”
the main character wants to deceive herself by marrying an unloved person. She becomes his bride, mechanically preparing for an unwanted wedding. However, at the engagement dinner, she is again overcome by an attraction to Paratov, who invites Larisa to the Swallow. She abandons her obligations and sets sail to her death. The next morning, the insulted groom killed her, and she could only thank him for this, because she was disgraced and abandoned to the mercy of fate. Alas, it is impossible to build happiness on lies.
Good day, dear friends. In this article we offer an essay on the topic “from literature”.
The following arguments will be used: – A. P. Chekhov, “Tears of a Crocodile” – D. London, “Martin Eden”
Since ancient times, people have tended to hide their true emotions and innermost thoughts. There are areas in which sincerity is not at all desirable, such as politics or gambling. Upon reflection, we can admit: every adult must sometimes resort to falsehood; not every degree of it must be stubbornly condemned. For example, having met a person who is unpleasant to us, we smile and greet him, carry on a conversation, that is, we behave counterfeitly. But if we show a real attitude towards the interlocutor, we can be accused of rudeness, because he is friendly towards us.
The main task of each of us is to feel the difference between forced politeness and outright deceit. Manifestations of the latter must be avoided: it poisons a person’s soul and weans him from sincerity. Only with the help of an open, sincere disposition towards others can you build trusting relationships with them.
In A.P. Chekhov’s story “Tears of a Crocodile,” the main character Polikarp Semyonovich Judin is an example of pure hypocrisy. On a stormy day, he stands at the window, watches the rich funeral procession and talks about life. At first glance, the hero’s thoughts seem fair and involuntarily evoke a feeling of agreement with him. Judah is completely immersed in thoughts about the vices and mistakes of mankind. The main culprit of such phenomena as corruption, shame and poverty, in his opinion, is man.
However, the subsequent behavior of Polikarp Semyonovich instantly repels and reveals his true essence. His mental monologues are full of worries, indignations about injustice and the difficult situation of poor people. But during conversations with Semyon Ivanovich, the hero shows that in fact he is indifferent to the problems of those around him.
People come to Judah to pawn some thing because of an urgent need for money. But the indifferent hero robs the poor who have turned, he is not touched by their difficulties. He mentally accuses the rich of being heartless, although he himself acts in the same way. The true actions of Polycarp of Judas expose his duplicity and insincerity.
In Jack London's novel of the same name, Martin Eden, the hypocrisy of those around him played a major role in the fate of the hero. Young sailor Martin Eden decides to quit sailing and take up writing after a change in his life. He falls in love with a girl named Ruth, with whom he is separated by a huge intellectual chasm. The young hero is not afraid of this obstacle, he decides to get the girl and begins to work hard.
Martin becomes a frequent visitor to the library, studies science and tries to write himself. He does not spare himself: he sleeps 4 hours a day and periodically fasts in order to be able to send his work to editors. Having achieved an engagement to Ruth, Martin tries to become a successful writer in order to be able to get married and provide a life without need. But luck does not smile on the hero, and his loved ones do not believe in him.
Members of Ruth's family have a negative attitude towards Eden's idea; the girl herself is constantly trying to get him a job; The hero's sisters also do not believe in the success of his work. After a misguided scandal involving Martin, Ruth breaks off their engagement, and those around him begin to view him negatively. The hero falls into a deep depression and completely loses the desire to engage in writing. Ironically, it was at this time that Eden’s creative life changed dramatically: publishing houses began to publish his works.
A separate example of hypocrisy was provided by the case in the editorial office of Transcontinental. Being an unknown writer, Martin was only able to extract his well-deserved wages by force; the college employees denied having five dollars. But after Eden gained fame, his works began to be suddenly published by all the publishing houses that had previously stubbornly refused him. Such an act indicates the corruption and deceit of printed publications. The sudden success of the writer turned all the editors into his “fans” and “friends.”
The exact same situation happened with Martin’s entourage. Everyone who had a conflicting attitude towards him before he gained fame immediately began to seek his attention and affection. His beloved did the same: Ruth suddenly came to Eden with an apology and a desire to get married, which finally finished off the hero. He could not get anyone to believe in himself and his capabilities when he needed it, but now the company of other people was unbearable for him.
It was becoming increasingly difficult for Martin to bear the open hypocrisy of those around him. Deciding to live on a separate island, he sets sail on a ship. But even there it is difficult for the hero to communicate with people, and later to be alone with himself. The only solution for Martin Eden is eternal rest in the cold sea waters.
Duplicity in behavior inevitably repels others. Noticing this trait, you involuntarily doubt the sincerity of every phrase spoken by a person. People resort to hypocrisy in pursuit of certain goals or out of fear. The question is, are the ends worth the means? You cannot hide your true emotions and thoughts, or be afraid of them. Having caught a person in falsehood, trust, and sometimes respect for him, is lost.
Today we talked on the topic “ The problem of hypocrisy: arguments
from literature." You can use this option to prepare for the Unified State Exam.
We analyzed many texts to prepare for the Unified State Exam and identified the problems that occur most often. For each of them we have selected relevant arguments from the literature. All of them are available for download in table format (link at the end of the article).
The influence of hypocrisy on personality
- The problem of hypocrisy is one of the main ones in A.P. Chekhov’s story “Chameleon”
. Even from the title it is clear that we are talking about a person who can adapt to any situation, pushing his own beliefs into the background. One day, Ochumelov, the main character of the story and a police supervisor, had to deal with a case in which Mr. Khryukin was bitten on the finger by a dog. As soon as Ochumelov found out that the dog belonged to General Zhigalov, the hero was no longer in such a hurry to blame his favorite. Fearing for his career, Ochumelov began accusing Khryukin of lying, allegedly he picked his own finger, and even invented the dog. In front of the general, the hero served him in every possible way and flattered him. Thus, hypocrisy is the enemy of truth and justice, which is all the more dangerous the less often people condemn it. - The problem of hypocrisy can be seen in several of Mayakovsky's poems
, including
"Hange"
. In this work, the image of a hypocrite or a suck-up named citizen Vasyutkin appears. The poet uses the grotesque, saying that the hero’s tongue has grown “about thirty meters.” So he emphasizes how many lies this helpful and pleasant citizen tells. Vasyutkin presents himself as a Christian, but this faith is feigned. He shows nothing but indifference to those people who entrusted him with their problems, takes bribes, steals and lies. This characterizes Vasyutkin as a two-faced character. In addition, if he looks down on ordinary people, then he constantly tries to please those higher in rank, changing roles to please them. Thus, a hypocritical position depersonalizes a person and makes him more vicious, because it helpfully covers up his shortcomings. - In F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment,”
Luzhin is the main hypocrite and scoundrel. First, he proposes to Duna, but not out of love for her, but so that she will be grateful and obliged to him all her life. Then Luzhin frames Sonya by planting money on her and accusing her of theft. The naive girl thought that the hero did it from the bottom of his heart, but then she realized what a hypocrite he was. Moreover, all the people around me understood this. Having been deprived of their loyalty and respect, Luzhin received a chance from fate to understand what such an “invaluable” quality had done to him? Who has he turned into and where is he going? However, it is unlikely that a “reasonable egoist” will use it; due to constant pretense, his personality has lost the ability to critically evaluate himself.
How to deal with hypocrisy?
Hypocrisy is inherent in many, if not all people. How to deal with hypocrisy in yourself?
- You need to realize and acknowledge your opinions, desires and interests, and not be afraid to express and demonstrate them.
- Don't adapt to everyone. The expectations of society and individuals are different. You only need to follow your own expectations, not others.
- Adequately evaluate yourself, and not listen to the opinions of others, who will always find something to complain about. Evaluate yourself only.
- Develop yourself. If you feel underdeveloped in some way, then eliminate your shortcomings. Just change because you yourself wanted it, and not in order to adapt to those around you.
- Always remain honest with yourself.
In order to contact the outside world (people in particular), a person from childhood learns to play different roles. With some, the same person can be affectionate and gentle, with others - rude and aggressive, with others - a hero-lover, with others - wise and all-knowing. Depending on who a person communicates with, he behaves in a certain way. In psychology, this is called a “mask,” which, like in the theater, covers a person’s true face and shows the “spectators” only what is being shown to them.
That’s why you can often hear the exclamation: “I didn’t know he could be like that,” “I’ve never seen her like that,” “I thought he was different,” etc. Seeing a particular person, it seems to you that he shows you his true face. But over time, you find out that you were deceived and you don’t really know who you were building a relationship with.
Take off the other person's mask to understand who you are communicating with. How to do it? Usually the mask is removed in situations where a person does not control himself. These can be the most terrible, shocking, stressful or funny, cheerful events. When a person is very scared, he is angry, he is funny and having fun, then he cannot control himself. He allows his emotions to flow fully, while he behaves in a way that suits his nature.
How does a person behave when you do something bad to him? What does he do when he's having fun? Pay attention to such situations, because they remove the mask from any person, showing his true face, real attitude towards you, real desires and thoughts.
By and large, you must always be attentive to the people with whom you communicate. You can believe in the words and promises they say, in the image they show you. But it is best to look at their actions, especially in those moments when it seems to them that no one is looking at them. How to understand what kind of person a person really is? Watch what he does, says, thinks when it seems to him that no one is looking at him. After all, while there are no spectators, you can take off your mask for a while and be yourself.
Consequences of Hypocrisy
- The consequences of hypocrisy are clearly seen in Jack London's novel Martin Eden
. The author tells the story of a young man who decided to write, literally did not sleep at night and worked hard to win the favor of his beloved Ruth. The girl was higher in status, and her relatives did not approve of the alliance with Eden. When Ruth decided to break up with the hero, his affairs suddenly went uphill. The desired calling now began to seem disgusting to Eden, because he saw the hypocrisy of those around him. He understood that publications and friends began to show interest in him only because of his success. As a result, Eden decides to sail away on a ship and live out his last days on a separate island. Deceitful and fake people disappointed him. For them, the consequence of their hypocritical behavior was the disappearance of a useful member of society who could make them better. Thus, humanity has repeatedly pushed away the prophets, who found peace only in the deserts, far from the vulgarity and flattery of the unreasonable crowd. - An excellent example of hypocrisy and its negative consequences is the Famus society from A. S. Griboyedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit”
. The main character arrives at Famusov's house and begins to share his progressive ideas. Chatsky did not immediately understand what kind of society he ended up in. It was a deceitful high society, saturated with falsehood, where marriages were made for the sake of money, and not genuine love, where friendships were made with the highest rank only for the sake of his favor. After several conflicts and insults, the hero realized that he could no longer endure such an environment. He felt that there was no point in sharing his opinion with such people, because he could not expect sincerity from them. In the finale, Chatsky utters his famous phrase “Carriage for me, carriage!” and leaves Famusov’s house forever. The consequence of lies and pretense is not only the loss of a progressive and useful citizen in the person of Alexander, but also the catastrophe that broke out that evening: Sophia saw Molchalin’s betrayal, and the guests found out about their affair. However, even in this trouble, the owner of the house was only worried about the opinion of Princess Marya Aleksevna. What happened taught them nothing. - The lyrical hero of M. Yu. Lermontov’s poem “The Poet”
feels unnecessary and lonely because of the hypocrisy of those around him. A poet, like a precious dagger, must be loved. But society is not capable of appreciating such unique things. The hero’s entourage “hides their wrinkles under blush”, they are “amused by sparkles and deceptions”, they are bored by the “proud” language of the poet. Such a description indicates that the hypocritical crowd needs simple flattery, the fun of balls, and not art at all. Therefore, the lyrical hero feels that he is being laughed at and despised.
