Before moving on to the main content of our report, I would like to ask what sport is the most popular in the world. The answer is obvious: football, of course.
It is generally accepted that this team sport originated in England in the 19th century, although in fact its history is much older. It is played everywhere - in southern and northern countries, in rich and not so rich. For example, in a country like Brazil, the love for football is incredible. Here, literally everyone, young and old, kicks the ball and watches football matches on TV. It is no coincidence that it was Brazilian football players who became world champions more often than others - as many as five times! For comparison: the Italian and German teams won gold medals four times each, the Argentina team - two!
Brief historical background
A game that vaguely resembles modern football was played in Ancient China. Participants were divided into two teams of equal size and chased a leather sphere filled with bird feathers and animal hair across a clearing. Later, the Chinese came up with the idea of inflating the ball with air, installing gates to count goals scored, and drew up the first rules of the game.
History says that a competition similar to football existed in both Ancient Egypt and Ancient Greece, which is confirmed by historical drawings on parchments and amphorae. The Romans invented harpastum - a hand ball - a sports discipline with tough power struggle. The British Isles learned about the game from the Roman conquerors. The Britons and Celts began to master its basics with pleasure and soon even surpassed their teachers in this matter.
In ancient Egypt, balls with seeds wrapped in bright fabrics were kicked in the fields.
Some English kings tried to ban football because they considered it much less useful than, for example, archery. However, the prohibitions were widely violated. People liked the game because of its excitement and accessibility. It was played by simple artisans, street vendors, and noble youth.
In the mid-19th century, the development of football as a regulated sport began in Great Britain. First , in 1857, the first football club appeared in the city of Sheffield, after some time there were already seven of them. Representatives of the teams met in London to develop the rules of the game and create a national football association.
By agreement, the dimensions of the field and the ball were determined, later a corner kick was introduced, and the referee began to use the whistle. In 1891, a net appeared on the goal, and a penalty was also invented - a free kick from 11 meters for a violation within the goalkeeper's area.
Over the years, both the rules and team tactics have changed. So, for almost 40 years, football players played according to the “double-ve” system. The players were positioned on the field in the form of the English letter W: two forwards on the edges and one central moved forward, and two midfielders supported them in the attack, two more midfielders acted behind, three defenders and a goalkeeper closed the formation. Over time, the Brazilian system appeared - with an emphasis on attack, the Italian - with a rich defense, the Dutch - with the participation of all players in both defense and attack (“total football”).
Today, football is considered the most popular sport in the world.
In our country, the game began to spread from the beginning of the last century. Gradually, we also learned to play well, and then we began to hold official competitions.
Report-message “Football”
Football is the most famous team game. In it you need to hit the ball into the opposing team's goal more times than the opponent. A certain time is allotted for this. The ball is allowed to be touched by any part of the body, with the exception of the hands.
The emergence and development of the game
It is not known exactly when football appeared. At the same time, it can be unequivocally stated that its history lasts several centuries and had contacts with most states. Similar games were popular everywhere. This has been proven by archaeological finds. Even the inhabitants of Ancient China were fond of the game, which was called Tsuju and was mentioned already in the second century BC. FIFA representatives say that it is the most ancient predecessor of modern football.
Football was first mentioned in Japan in 644 AD. At that time he was called Kemari. This game is still played at Shinto shrines during festivals.
Australians made balls from rat skins, twisted hair or the bladder of a large animal.
North America also had a game called "pasuckuakohowog". The translation was: “they gathered to play ball with their feet.” As a rule, they played on the beach, the gates were about half a mile wide, the field was twice as long. The number of participants could be up to one thousand people.
Game description
One team consists of eleven players. So many participants can enter the field at the same time. One of them is the goalkeeper, who has the right to touch the ball with his hands. He can only do this within the penalty line and at his own goal. The rest of the team plays the game on the field.
A football match takes place in two halves, which last forty-five minutes. To provide teams with equal conditions during the game, there is a break of fifteen minutes, after which goals are exchanged. Victory is awarded to the team that scores the most goals. When the score is the same at the end of the match, two additional halves of fifteen minutes are played or a draw is declared. If extra time ends with the same number of points, a penalty shootout is awarded.
The penalty kick is taken from 11 meters. It is a serious punishment and is carried out from a certain point. There must be a goalkeeper in the goal during a penalty kick. After the match, teams take five kicks, each taken by a different player. In the event that the score remains the same, each team takes two more penalties until a winner is determined.
A player is put into an offside position if he is closer to the opposing team's goal than the second-to-last opposing player and the ball, including the goalkeeper.
Rules
To avoid this, participants must follow these rules:
you cannot enter into the game, touch the ball passed to him or touched by a player from his team;
It is prohibited to interfere with a member of the opposing team;
You cannot gain an advantage through your own position, that is, touch the ball that has bounced off the opponent’s goal post or goal.
During a game of football, participants can touch the ball with any part of their body except their hands. For violating this rule, the team receives a penalty kick or a penalty kick by the opponent. When playing with a hand in football, there are also two very important points:
- if the ball accidentally hits the hand, it is not considered a violation;
- In case of instinctive defense against the ball, the violation is not counted.
A yellow card is a warning to the participant in the game.
When receiving a red card, a player must leave the field before the end of the match.
Rules of the game
Two teams of 11 people each take to the field. The winner is the one who scores more goals into the opponent's goal in an hour and a half. The match consists of two halves of 45 minutes and a fifteen-minute break between them, after which the teams change goals.
The match can end either in a victory for one of the teams or in a draw. For a win, 3 points are awarded, for a draw - one, for a loss - nothing. If it is necessary to determine the winner of the match, then if the score is equal, extra time is assigned - two halves of 15 minutes each. If even then a draw is recorded, then a penalty shootout takes place.
You can play with your feet, head, chest - in general, with all parts of the body except the hands; only the goalkeeper can pick up the ball. The rest are punished for handball, except in cases where the ball is thrown in when it flies over the side line.
Report-message on the topic Football 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 7th grade, physical education
Konobeevsky Vitaly Viktorovich,
physical education teacher
branch of the Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution "Tsninskaya Secondary School No. 2" in the village of Krasnenkaya
Report-message on the topic Football 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 7th grade, physical education
Football
is a sport that involves playing a ball with your feet, but absolutely not with your hands. And the goal of the game is to score more goals against your opponent than your opponent will score against you. This team sport is considered the most popular in the world.
The name "football" comes from two English words: "ball" - ball and "foot" - foot.
Officially there are 17 rules of the game. It all depends on the age, gender and physical capabilities of the players. But if we talk about the most popular (men's adult football), then there are two halves of 45 minutes, and between them the players rest for 15 minutes.
If after 90 minutes of play each team has scored an equal number of goals, then the match is considered to be a draw. Or extra time is added (2 halves lasting 15 minutes). If after this there is an equal number of goals scored, then a penalty shootout takes place. A penalty is a shot on goal that can only be saved by the goalkeeper, but it is not prohibited to pass the ball to another player.
You can use different formations: 4-3-2-1 (4 defenders, 3 defensive midfielders, 2 attacking midfielders and 1 striker), 3-5-2 (3 defenders, 5 midfielders and 2 strikers), etc. But there must be a goalkeeper. He is the only player who can handle the ball, but in a limited area of the field near the goal.
There are a huge number of violations or fouls: tripping, tackle, pushing, etc. For a violation, a yellow card may be given, and a penalty or free kick may also be awarded. For two yellow cards, a red card is given and the player who received it leaves the field, depending on the rules of the tournament (for one game or more).
There are many types of football: futsal (indoor football), beach football (on the sand), table football (on a special field similar to a table), freestyle football (players do the most difficult football tricks - feints).
Report about Football message
Football
is a favorite game of many people. This game is played not only by ordinary people, but also by athletes. Only hardy and strong people can play it. Football is played by 2 teams, the main goal of this exciting game is to score the ball into the opponent’s goal as many times as possible, and this can only be done with the help of your feet. Nowadays, this game has gained great popularity. But according to historical data, the game was first mentioned in ancient times around 2000 BC.
In the 19th century, football became especially popular in England. Colleges started playing this game. But different colleges had different rules, which made it very difficult to hold such competitions. Therefore, in 1846, representatives from different institutions created the first uniform requirements for playing this game. After this they founded the first football club called Sheffield. The rules for the game of football stipulated the size of the field and the goal, and later the penalty rule was included in the set of these rules. These rules are still followed today.
The rules of the game are as follows:
- A team must consist of 11 players, including the goalkeeper, but the number of players may be reduced depending on the competition to 7 people
- Only the goalkeeper can play with his hands, but he must not go beyond his goal.
- The game is called a match
- The match consists of two halves, duration 45 minutes.
- Half-time break 15 minutes.
- After the break, the teams change goals.
- The winner is the team that scores the most goals against the opponent.
- When two teams receive the same number of goals in a match, a draw is declared or the referee orders extra time (two halves of 15 minutes each).
In football, the field on which the players play is also taken into account. It can be either artificial or natural. According to the regulations, the field must be green and rectangular in shape. The field is marked using lines that do not exceed 12 cm.
The demarcation lines have their own name:
- Side lines
- Goal line
- Midline – divides the field in half
- A circle with a radius of 10 yards (9.15 m) is localized in the center
Also on each half of the field there is a penalty area, where the goalkeeper has the opportunity to play with his hands.
It is considered a violation of the rules of the game:
- Hitting an opponent with your feet or hands
- Tripping an opponent
- Pushing your opponent
- Jump on an opponent, etc.
Also in the game, undisciplined behavior of players may occur, which is expressed in fights, obscene expressions, gestures and other phenomena of bad behavior.
To prevent this from happening during the game, there are special people who monitor the progress of football. This is the judge and assistant judge. At the beginning of the match, the referee checks the markings of the football field, the goal net, and his responsibilities also include considering the weather conditions of the upcoming match.
At the end of the game, he draws up a protocol in which he describes all his decisions made during the game. He also makes sure that players do not break the rules. He can stop the match due to violations. The work of a judge is very difficult and responsible. It requires a lot of endurance from a person; the referee runs about 10 km during one game.
The judge also has assistants. These are the side referees. They also monitor the game and report violations of the rules. Since it is very difficult to keep track of the entire game, so-called technical means were used. Additional goal judges are being introduced, as well as automatic goal counting, which greatly facilitates the work of the judge, and the accurate determination of winners in competitions.
2, 3, 4, 5, 7 grades in physical education
Tournaments under the auspices of FIFA
In 1904, the International Football Federation - FIFA was founded. World championships began in 1930, and the European Cup (later the European Championship) began in 1960. By the way, the first winners on the continent were the USSR national team. In the world championships, our highest achievement was bronze medals for 4th place in the 1966 championship. We also became Olympic champions twice - in 1956 and 1988.
South and North America have their own joint tournament, and Africa has its own. And in 2021, Russia will host the next world championship for the first time.
The Russian team on the field before the game.
In the 50s of the last century, through a survey of sports journalists and coaches, they began to identify the best player in Europe, and then the world. The winner was awarded the Golden Ball prize. The only time this prize was won by a goalkeeper, and that goalkeeper was our Lev Yashin. The Golden Boot went to the player who scored the most goals in a single national championship. In the 60s, European Cups began to be played among the best European club teams. More often than others, the European Cup (later the tournament was renamed the Champions League) went to the Real Madrid club. Twice, in 2005 and 2008, the UEFA Cup (the second most important prize) was won by Russian teams - CSKA and Zenit. The winners of the Champions League and UEFA Cup play each other in the Super Cup.
Introduction
Every person has heard the word “football” and not just once. In my essay I would like to talk about the history of football, their tactics in the game. Football is a team sport in which the goal is to kick the ball or use other parts of the body (except the hands) more often than the opposing team. Currently it is the most popular and widespread sport in the world. Football is played on a field with a special covering made of grass or synthetic material.
Up to eleven players take part in the game, each team has its own role in the game and its own position in the half of the field. The goalkeeper is the only team player who is allowed to play with his hands, but only in his own penalty area near the goal. Defenders prevent players from the opposing team from reaching the goal with the ball and scoring a goal. Forwards are the most active participants in the game, their task is to score goals for opponents by performing the necessary actions and moves.
Midfielders are positioned near the center of the field and support either the defenders or the attackers, depending on the situation. As many people know, the main goal of the game is to deliver the ball into the opponent's goal, and the use of hands is not allowed. Each team has its own uniform, club (country) badge, stadium and sponsor. The best football tournament is the FIFA World Cup, which is held every four years. Many countries are participating in the championship.
What are the benefits of playing football?
Football develops endurance, agility, strengthens the immune system, trains all the muscles of the body, teaches you to overcome difficulties and think outside the box. This is why the Ministry of Education recommends that football lessons be taught in physical education classes at school. In addition, football sections are open and operating in Russia, where coaches teach boys this wonderful sport.
All boys' favorite game.
