4.4
Average rating: 4.4
Total ratings received: 1995.
4.4
Average rating: 4.4
Total ratings received: 1995.
Some time after the Mongol-Tatar invasion, the Russian people began to understand that they could no longer be under the yoke of the Golden Horde. The first who dared to give a decisive rebuff to the invaders was the Moscow prince Dmitry Ivanovich. Let's talk briefly about the Battle of Kulikovo and look at the calendar of memorable dates of that time.
The material was prepared jointly with a teacher of the highest category, Tatyana Nikolaevna Akulinkina.
Experience as a teacher - more than 48 years.
Weakening of the Golden Horde
After the conquest of Russian lands, the rulers of the Mongol-Tatar state - the Golden Horde - had no doubt that they had secured a reliable income for themselves. From now on, all Russian princes were obliged to pay a large tribute to the Horde khans - payment for peace in their lands.
But over time, the once powerful and influential Golden Horde began to decline. Disagreements began to occur within her, and a struggle for power began.
In the second half of the 14th century, an impressive part of the Mongol-Tatar state fell into the hands of the temnik Mamai. In those days, a temnik was a military leader who led a tumen - an army of 10 thousand soldiers. Mamai turned out to be a strong and strong-willed person, and they obeyed him unquestioningly.
Rice. 1. Temnik Mamai.
Meanwhile, the Principality of Moscow was gaining strength in Rus'. For two hundred years, Russian princes regularly paid tribute to the Horde khans, but the situation changed when the grandson of Ivan Kalita, the Moscow prince Dmitry Ivanovich, came to power. Seeing the weakness of the Golden Horde, he realized that the time had come for decisive action.
The Battle of Kulikovo and its significance briefly 4th grade
The Battle of Kulikovo is a famous battle that took place in 1380. The battle took place on the southern side, where the bank of the Don River was located, or, to be more precise, on the Kulikovo Field. That is why this battle was called Kulikovo. The exact date of the battle is September 8, 1380. The battle was fought between two opponents, one of whom was the Tatar-Mongol conqueror, Khan Mamai, and the other, the Moscow prince Dmitry.
The battle was fierce, but both sides were strong, since the Tatar-Mongol khan had a very large army, although the prince also had many brave fighters. It was not in vain that such a war broke out between these two opponents, because the Horde used to be the most important force over all Russian lands.
But when the princes felt their own strength, they decided to repel these Tatars, who brazenly ravaged their lands. Therefore, Prince Dmitry finally broke off relations with the Mongol-Tatars. And naturally, this angered the new enemy. To begin with, the prince walked through the lands of the Horde and captured several cities that belonged to the Horde. And the horde was not fully prepared for battle, which is why it turned out to be quite easy to conquer cities.
Preparing for confrontation
Prince Dmitry was not going to recognize the dominance of the Golden Horde and pay tribute to the Tatars. Seeing no other solution to the issue, he began to prepare for a serious battle.
TOP 4 articles
who are reading along with this
Hard times on Russian soil (4th grade)
Peter the Great
Rus' spreads its wings
Patriotic War of 1812
First of all, he set about strengthening the Moscow principality and ordered the construction of reliable stone walls around the Kremlin.
Prince Dmitry understood perfectly well that the wooden fortifications of the Kremlin would not stop the Tatars. In addition, arrows soaked in oil can easily set wood on fire and cause a fire in the city. The solution to the problem was durable limestone masonry, which was not afraid of fire. The thickness of the new walls was about three meters.
Having learned that Rus' was no longer going to pay tribute, the angry Mamai gathered a large army to punish the rebellious country. Wanting to repeat the glory of Khan Batu, he planned to completely destroy the Russian state. In the summer of 1380, it became known that a countless army of the Golden Horde was moving towards the Russian lands.
In order to adequately meet a dangerous enemy, Prince Dmitry began to gather a Russian army. He sent messengers to all the principalities calling for unification and the creation of a common army. In just 30 days, he managed to gather a huge army, the likes of which had never been seen in Rus'.
Rice. 2. Prince Dmitry.
Ordinary people fervently asked God to protect their homeland. To receive a blessing to fight the enemy, Prince Dmitry went to the Trinity Monastery. Elder Sergius of Radonezh blessed him and gave him two monks to help - the strongest warriors Oslyabya and Peresvet.
Read more about the Battle of Kulikovo
For a long time, the Russian principalities were under the rule of the Golden Horde. This happened due to their fragmentation and civil strife at the time when the Mongols began to encroach on Rus'. But, at the beginning of the 15th century, the power and influence of the invaders began to weaken. And the Moscow lands were gaining power. Dmitry Ivanovich was there in the principality. Later, he would receive the nickname Donskoy for his victory over the Mongols on the Kulikovo Field, near the Dnieper, in 1380.
Prince Dmitry refused to pay tribute when the Mongols wanted to increase it in size. The tax from the conquered lands was then collected by the Mongol governors - the Baskaks. They reported to their ruler about the refusal to pay. The Mongol Khan Mamai, having learned about the disobedience of the Moscow prince, moved to Russian lands with his army. Dmitry, having learned about this, began to gather an army to repel the invaders. The prince turned to other Russian principalities, calling on them to join him against the Horde. However, not many responded to his call. The principalities of Smolensk and Vladimir took part in this battle. The rest, some remained silent, and some even took the enemy’s side.
Before the start of the battle, Dmitry visited St. Sergius of Radonezh, asking him for advice and blessings. And the saint blessed the prince and the Russian army for this battle.
Mamaev's army significantly outnumbered the Russian one. Not only Horde members were included in it. There were also many mercenaries there, including from Russian lands. Lithuanian and Ossetian soldiers fought on his side.
Battle of Kulikovo
The Great Battle began on September 8, 1380 on the Kulikovo Field, the place where the Nepryada River flows into the Don.
According to legend, the confrontation between armies of thousands began with a duel between two strongest warriors: the Tatar Chelubey and the Russian hero Peresvet. The mighty horsemen struck each other to death, after which a bloody battle began.
The pressure of Russian soldiers, their fierce hatred of enemies and faith in victory helped to cope with the Horde army. The Mongol-Tatars retreated under the power of the Russian cavalry, and after a while they completely fled.
Rice. 3. Battle of Kulikovo.
In memory of the significant victory over the Mongol-Tatar army, the people began to call the Moscow prince Dmitry Donskoy.
Despite the brilliant victory, the Russians experienced pressure from the Golden Horde for a century. However, the Battle of Kulikovo played a significant role in the history of Rus':
- Russian people for the first time felt their own strength, believed in a bright future and final deliverance from the Mongol-Tatar yoke;
- Russian princes were able to clearly see that the main strength lies in the unity of all Russian lands.
Report on the Battle of Kulikovo grade 4
The Battle of Kulikovo took place on September 8, 1380, during complicated relations between Russia and the Khan's Horde.
Background to the Battle of Kulikovo
In 1374, relations between the Mongols and the princes of Rus' became noticeably more complicated. The princes, feeling their strength and power, began to contradict the Horde in matters of paying tribute. Dmitry Donskoy, the ruler of Rus', in 1374, not recognizing the power of Khan Mamai, actually broke off all relations with them. Such freethinking did not go unnoticed by the Mongols.
At the same time, the Lithuanian king Olgierd dies. The throne was taken by Jagiello, who first of all tried to establish diplomatic relations with the Horde. Thus, the Mongols acquired a powerful ally, and Russia acquired two enemies - the Tatars and Lithuanians.
But the Russian prince did not retreat back and decided to repel the enemy. Having gathered an army and putting Dmitry Bobrok-Valintsev at its head, it was decided to go on a campaign to the Volga. His goal is to capture cities that were under the control of the Tatars.
Another event that served as a prerequisite occurred in 1378. In the territories of Rus' there was a rumor that the Horde had sent a powerful army to punish the Russians. Dmitry Donskoy decided not to wait for the enemy, but gathered a squad and rode out to meet them. They met near the Vozha River. The battle was inevitable.
Beginning of the Battle of Kulikovo
Early in the morning of September 8, 1380, according to the tradition of one-on-one combat, Alexander Peresvet, a Russian monk, and Chelubey, a Mongol warrior, met. No one won the battle - both warriors, mortally wounding each other with spears, fell. And then the Horde army and Donskoy’s squad began the battle.
The Mongols significantly outnumbered the Russians. It would seem that Mamai would win easily. But Donskoy made an unexpected move, leaving a regiment of 10,000 thousand soldiers in ambush led by Dmitry Bobrok. At the turning point, the Russian cavalry flies out of the forest, putting the Mongols to flight.
Significance of the Battle of Kulikovo
The Battle of Kulikovo made it clear that the Golden Horde was by no means an invincible state. And that by defeating her, you can find freedom from her yoke.
We hope the information presented about the Battle of Kulikovo helped you. And you can leave your short story about the Battle of Kulikovo for 4th grade using the comment form.
Source
A story about the Battle of Kulikovo
In the 8th century, the Mongol-Tatar army came from the south. The Mongol-Tatars are nomadic tribes. They were engaged in breeding livestock: camels, horses, cows, sheep, goats; wandered from place to place in search of new pastures. They could go without food for two or three days and easily tolerated the cold. The Mongol-Tatars rarely lived in peace even among themselves, and they were constantly at odds with other peoples. They were known as cruel and ferocious people. For almost 250 years they ruled Russian soil and collected tribute. All attempts to free myself failed.
For the battle, the prince asked for blessings from Sergius of Radonezh , the founder of the Trinity Monastery near Moscow. He gave Dmitry two monks of his monastery, famous warriors in Rus' - Peresvet and Oslyabya. Sergius not only gave his blessing for the campaign, but also predicted a glorious victory for the Russian army .
On August 10, 1380, the Russian army left the Kremlin Gate . Prince Dmitry quickly led his army south - towards the army of the Mongol ruler Mamai. The troops converged on the Kulikovo field, where the Nepryavda River flows into the Don.
The troops crossed the Don and on the morning of September 8, 1380, the battle began . There is a legend that the battle began with a duel between two warriors - heroes. Mamai’s bodyguard, Chelubey, rode out from the enemy ranks on a mighty horse. The hero Peresvet accepted this challenge. At full gallop they hit each other with spears, and both died. As soon as Chelubey fell from the saddle, the enemy cavalry moved into battle and quickly crushed the Advanced Regiment.
Battle of Kulikovo and its significance
The Battle of the Kulikovo Field is one of the brightest moments in the history of Russia. Despite this fact, the battle between Dmitry Donskoy’s army and Mamai’s horde is ostracized in modern history. By and large, the named battle is just a fragment of the Horde internecine wars.
First, it is necessary to name the prerequisites for the battle on the Kulikovo field. The time when the battle takes place is the 14th century. We remember from our school history course that the Golden Horde was experiencing a crisis during this time period. The main causes of the crisis were the fragmentation of the Horde and internal military conflicts. Also an important role was played by the fact that Mamai became the ruler of the Horde.
Changes are also taking place in Kievan Rus, but unlike the Horde, for the better. The main thing is that the period of fragmentation ended and Moscow became the main principality.
Let's remember the year 1378. The indicated date is Mamai’s first campaign against Moscow, which, by the way, was not crowned with victory.
1380 The Tatars approve a new tribute amount. Dmitry Donskoy ignores this fact. And it was precisely this behavior of the Russian prince that became the reason for the battle on the Kulikovo Field.
Ninth month of 1380. Donskoy's army is approximately one hundred soldiers. Mamai has more fighters, but not by much. About one hundred and fifty people. Among the Tatars there are also warriors from the Lithuanian principality, because the latter are interested in Russian lands.
The battle itself took place at the mouth of the Nepryavda and Don rivers. In the chronicles one can find very scant descriptions of such a historical moment. The battle of the strongest men of the warring parties, Chelubey and Peresvet, who fought before the start of the battle, is interesting. But it is worth remembering that not all documents contain a mention of this fact, which casts doubt on whether the heroes actually existed.
In general, analyzing the Battle of Kulikovo from a modern historical point of view, we can conclude that there is a lot of understatement in it. It is impossible to reconstruct the course of the battle today due to the inconsistency of historical sources telling about it.
What is the significance of the Battle of Kulikovo? The significance of this historical event is great: the young Principality of Moscow showed its power and combat capability. Although Rus' paid tribute to the Tatars for a long time, the battle became the impetus for its further deliverance from the yoke of foreigners.
Interesting answers
Italy is a unique country located in Southern Europe. Italy translated from Greek means the land of calves. There are 53 monuments on the territory of this European state.
The ice zone is considered to be the Arctic deserts, which are located in the northern parts of the continents of Eurasia and North America. The environment and living conditions here are very merciless
Lyudmila Evgenievna Ulitskaya (1943) is one of the most popular modern Russian writers, awarded numerous literary awards, including foreign ones.
1910 - birth into the family of a blacksmith in the village of Zagorye near Smolensk. 1924 – collaboration with a local newspaper, first creative steps.
Source
