Arguments from literature and life for an essay on the topic: “What is growing up” (Unified State Exam in Russian)

The question “What is growing up” has always worried human minds, since it represents a transition from one stage of life to another, therefore this topic is often raised in the Unified State Examination in the Russian language, for the composition of which arguments from fiction are required. Many writers and philosophers praise childhood, many extol adult life. Each person has his own point of view, which can always be confirmed by the opinion captured on the pages of books. It is for this purpose that the following collection of arguments has been created, which provides a detailed answer to this question.

Arguments

1. Growing up is a process that directly depends on our childhood.
2. Growing up depends on upbringing.
3. Growing up is a process of personality development.
4. Around a growing child, the world changes forever.
5. Growing up is caused by physiological and moral changes in a person’s life.
6. Growing up changes your perception of the world around you.
7. Most often, early adulthood occurs during the war years.
8. During war, children are exposed to conditions in which rapid maturation is a necessity.
9. Growing up can be abrupt, or it can drag on for many years.
10. Becoming an adult means becoming independent and learning to take responsibility for your actions.

Parents and children

The most common problem in families is the relationship between parents and their children. The former do not understand new hobbies and the desire for freedom that the child so strives for. And the latter refuse to bear responsibility and fulfill the duties assigned to them, protest at the slightest reason and try to prove their independence.

Generational conflicts are described in many works by Russian authors:

• "Fathers and Sons" by Turgenev;
• "Thunderstorm" by Ostrovsky.

In the first text, the nihilist Bazarov confronts his parents and the nobleman Kirsanov. The young man believes that he is already old enough to try to destroy old foundations and traditions. Two generations argue on any topic. And the parents are worried that due to the age difference they will not be able to find a common language with their son. After his death, his mother and father realized that they loved him with a different outlook on life.

A similar problem is described in “The Thunderstorm”. Here two generations collide: the younger ones include Katerina, Tikhon, Varvara and Boris, and the older ones include Dikoy and Kabanikha. The main character is constantly oppressed by her mother-in-law. Due to feelings of loneliness and unhappiness, Katerina cheats on her husband. The husband is also weak in spirit; instead of solving problems, he constantly gets drunk.

And Katerina’s lover refuses to take responsibility for her feelings. Dikoy holds him in his hands, trying to force him to live according to the old laws. The girl was left alone and committed suicide. And only after her death Tikhon found the strength to confront his mother.

Problems between adults and children are eternal. The younger generation does not understand that with age they will have to be responsible for their actions, perform more responsibilities and put up with the demands of the world around them. And the older one forgot that he himself once strived for freedom and tried to rebel.

Epithets for the word “growing up”

Fast, fleeting, fast-flowing, transient, eternal, distant, short, fleeting, naive, irrevocable, irrevocable, short-lived, short-lived, unforgettable, indelible, unique, first, half-forgotten, past, early, foggy, lost, carefree, serene, cloudless, carefree, carefree, restless, prosperous, noble, brilliant, stormy, cheerful, excited, free, hot, daring, wondrous, hot, lively, cheerful, healthy, golden, golden, sparkling, ebullient, seething, light, rebellious, restless, tender, unclouded, fiery, beautiful, charming, ardent, joyful, iridescent, playful, light, free, happy, anxious, blooming, pure, wonderful, wonderful, bright, soldierly, front-line, vital, unforgettable, affectionate, quiet.

Poor, bleak, joyless, useless, homeless, sorrowful, bitter, sad, difficult, bad, unhappy, wretched, darkened, sorrowful, harsh, difficult, heavy, dull, gloomy, reckless, crazy, dissolute, violent, unreasonable, awkward, erroneous, vicious, criminal, complex, constrained, riotous, drunken, homeless, hungry, miserable, disfigured, sad, difficult, destitute, torn, lonely.

Examples from fiction

1. L.N. Tolstoy “Childhood”, “Adolescence”, “Youth” .

The main goal of the trilogy by L.N. Tolstoy’s “Childhood”, “Adolescence”, “Youth” is an image of the development of the human personality in all stages of its maturation. The action of each story corresponds to the order of the general storyline: the protagonist’s childhood takes place in the Irtenievs’ estate, in his adolescence the world expands significantly, and in his youth Kolenka’s relationship with the outside world is revealed.

The end of the protagonist's childhood is associated with the death of his mother, after which all mutual understanding and well-being in their home is destroyed. Adolescence ends after the death of Kolenka’s grandmother, and youth brings awareness of life’s pretense and self-interest in the person of the new stepmother, who always has the same smile.

There is a single logical connection between the parts of the trilogy, indicating that the formation of a person is divided into different stages, but in fact it is a continuous process. First-person narration brings the reader closer to the main character and allows you to feel all his emotions. This also indicates the autobiographical nature of the work.

There are two main characters in the trilogy: Nikolenka Irtenyev and an adult who remembers his childhood, adolescence, and youth. L.N. Tolstoy was always interested in comparing the views on life of a child and an established mature personality with significant experience behind him. Each chapter contains a specific idea and depicts a specific episode of human life. The heroes of the work are in those circumstances where their personality can manifest itself most clearly. All three parts are built on a comparison of the internal and external world of a person, because the main goal of the writer was to analyze human essence at each stage of its formation.

1. M. Gorky “Childhood”.

The main character of M. Gorky's story "Childhood" is a boy Alyosha, who found himself being raised by his grandparents after the death of his own father. In addition to his mother’s parents, a large number of people took part in the formation of Alyosha’s personality - numerous uncles and aunts, cousins, guests and everyone who lived under the same roof with the boy at a certain period of his life. They all influenced the upbringing of the main character, even without wanting it.

Alyosha's life was difficult, filled with many difficulties and trials. Grandfather Kashirin's family was rich, but everything changed when the boy went to school. He had to collect junk, steal firewood, in order to survive in this cruel world. Alyosha was bullied at school for such a lifestyle; no one could understand the boy’s difficult situation, because of which he had to grow up early.

M. Gorky describes the life and morals of the merchant environment, where the husband was allowed to beat his wife, children were ready to betray their parents for the sake of inheritance, and the strong always mocked the weak. From early childhood, death and suffering haunted the main character. More than one person died before his eyes: father, brother, Gypsy, mother. All these losses left an indelible imprint on Alyosha’s soul and forced him to shoulder the worries of adult life ahead of time. After the death of his mother, the grandfather told the boy that he could no longer support him and it was time for Alyosha to “go into the public eye.” It was at this moment that the boy’s childhood ended completely.

Essay 9.3: What is growing up (based on the text by B.L. Pasternak)

(204 words) Growing up is a process of personality development. The world around a growing child changes, because his worldview is transformed.

This metamorphosis was depicted by B.L. Pasternak in the given text. The heroes went to the pond, but their conversation in the boat turned into a quarrel. They got into a fight and fell into the water. Nadya and Nika barely managed to get ashore. However, their reaction was unexpected: “Finally, quietly, like an adult, Nadya said: “Crazy!” - and he also said in an adult way: “Forgive me.” The author noticed that the teenagers' relationship overnight changed into a new way: now Nika wanted nothing more than to fall into the pond with Nadya again. Instead of children's games, they were surrounded by new feelings and thoughts, because they themselves had changed.

An equally interesting example was described by A.S. Pushkin in the book “The Captain's Daughter”. The main character was still a very young and irresponsible boy when his father sent him to serve as an officer in the Belogorsk fortress. In the first chapters of the work, Peter went through a harsh school of life: the world around him ceased to be fun for him. He suddenly realized that he needed to save money, respect his servant, and be more selective in his acquaintances. Gradually, Grinev discovered adult values ​​and moral guidelines. All these changes are dictated by his moral transformation from a youth to a young man.

Thus, growing up is caused by physiological and moral changes in a person’s life, which change his perception of the world around him.

The many-wise Litrekon grows up with his readers and offers them not only an example of essay 9.3 on the OGE in the Russian language, but additional examples from life.

1. An example from personal experience. I felt like an adult when I was the oldest in the company of children our guests brought with them. I had to take responsibility for them and make sure that the fun didn't turn into something dangerous. It was then that the world, which had previously seemed like a playground to me, turned upside down in my eyes. I found myself on the other side of the arena and felt the birth of a new person within me - someone whom I had yet to get to know.
2. An example from the media. Many children grow up very, very early. For example, writer A.P. As a child, Chekhov was forced to work in his father's shop. They lived poorly, and outside workers were beyond the merchant's means. The older children not only helped with trade, but also looked after the younger family members. The writer himself noted in his memoirs that it was in the shop that he first realized himself as an adult, forced to answer for himself and his actions.

Examples from life

1. The siege of Leningrad left a terrible imprint on the fates of many people; this terrible time especially affected children. Circumstances deprived them of their childhood, forced them to grow up ahead of time and fight for life on an equal basis with experienced adults. At the beginning of the blockade, there were about 400 thousand children of different ages in Leningrad. The small residents of the city did not sit and wait for liberation, they participated in all events. Together with their elders, they destroyed unexploded shells, cleared debris after shelling, and cleared roads. Children replaced adults who died or went to the front in factories. Special wooden stands were even invented for them, so that their short stature would not interfere with the manufacture of shells for machine guns and machine guns. The children managed to work in the gardens and fields, and in their free time they helped in hospitals. Adults could not protect them from shelling, hunger and disease, but they did everything in their power. It was caring for children that gave strength for further resistance. It was clear to everyone that it was possible to save them only by preserving the city. In order to raise the spirit of the little staunch defenders of the Motherland during the terrible winter, it was decided to organize and hold New Year's holidays. The Executive Committee organized holiday programs, the main asset of which was lunch. There was everything except games and dancing; the weakened children simply did not have enough strength for this. The little residents of Leningrad had no time for fun, they were waiting for the promised food. Their festive dinner consisted of lean soup with a small piece of bread, a cereal cutlet and jelly. In the besieged city, the number of orphanages grew inexorably, instead of 17 there were 98. Children who were left orphans, despite everything, did not lose hope and believed in a bright future. Every resident who was able to withstand and defeat death can rightfully be called a hero. Despite the fact that the Nazis wanted to destroy Leningrad, it continued to live and survived only thanks to the faith of its people. After the end of the siege, more than 15 thousand children were awarded medals “For the Defense of Leningrad.”
2. My grandfather was only eleven years old at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, and his sister was thirteen. They lived in the city of Vsevolozhsk, which was located near Leningrad. One warm, sunny day, the whole family went to the zoo and there, from the loudspeaker, they heard an alarming voice announcing the start of war. Grandfather said that all the horror associated with this word did not reach him right away; he and the boys played war for a whole month and shouted that they would give the Germans a hard time. My parents began working at the defense plant until late, and then stayed for the whole day. In July, refugees began to arrive in their city, mostly women, children and old people. Grandfather sincerely did not understand where and why they were running, why they looked so bad and asked for at least some food. Then planes began to fly over the city and the boys enthusiastically watched the air battles. One day, one of the planes crashed into a house located on the same street as my grandfather’s house, and after this incident, children’s games of war began to stop. In addition, now it was necessary to go and stand in line for bread, carry water, light the stove, and cook food. In the rare moments when the adults were at home, they were allowed to sleep or prepared firewood together for the winter. In the month of September, the city announced a blockade of their city and food cards. In October, my grandfather saw with his own eyes the first person to die of starvation. He and his friends came to the store to buy bread and saw the body of a man on the steps. Gradually, the number of dead people on the streets grew and everyone began to get used to them. From then on, all household chores fell on the shoulders of my grandfather and his sister; their mother came home once a week, and their father already lived on the factory floor. In winter, the firewood stored from the summer prevented the children from dying from the cold, but the food in the house was completely gone. In the spring, my grandfather’s father died from overwork, and he went to the factory to try to get a job in his place. As expected, the twelve-year-old boy was sent home. But he did not give up, and after the third visit to the personnel department, he won himself a small position, which allowed them not to die of hunger. My grandfather always said that he and his sister survived only thanks to the care of their mother and father. Although they were rarely at home during that difficult time, they nevertheless did everything possible to provide their children with the most necessary things.

Essay on the topic of what growing up is

How do people become adults? This question is asked by L. Leonov. The problem considered by the author is relevant because it concerns each of us. Indeed, every mature personality goes through a stage of growing up. It goes differently for everyone. Someone realizes the wisdom and laws of life spontaneously, without direct influence from the outside. Others find themselves in military conditions and become adults, realizing the value of human life, camaraderie, and love. And some find themselves in situations that test their strength of spirit and require responsible decisions. The main character’s growth occurred precisely according to the latter scenario. The author is concerned about the problem of people growing up. He believes that growing up is, first of all, about acquiring the willingness to be responsible for one’s actions, to accept responsibility not only for oneself, but also for other people. I agree with the author's position. I also believe that an adult is an individual who is independent in his actions and responsible for his actions. Let us recall the work of M. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita”. The main character of the work, Margarita, capable of deep, devoted, selfless love, for the sake of her chosen one, goes through all the tests that the devil himself, Woland, arranges for her. Only a selfless, adult person is capable of such an act. One of the criteria of maturity is responsibility for one's actions. And they are not necessarily moral. For example, the son of Taras Bulba, Andriy, in love with a Polish beauty, renounces his homeland, relatives, comrades, and voluntarily goes over to the side of the enemy. This is his independent choice, the choice of an adult, albeit an immoral one, for which he paid with his life from a bullet shot from his own father’s arquebus. Thus, in order to become an adult, you need to go through the school of life, in which you will have to make responsible decisions and take deliberate actions. The text on which the essay was written: (1) Polya’s inflamed state, and most importantly, her confused, ambiguous speech - everything suggested the worst guesses, much more terrible than even Rodion’s captivity or his mortal wound. (2) “No, this is completely different,” Polya shuddered and, turning to the wall, took out a crumpled, over-read triangle from under the pillow. (3) Subsequently, Varya was ashamed of her initial assumptions. (4) Although rare transit trains did not stay in Moscow, the stations were nearby, and Rodion knew Polina’s address. (5) Of course, the command might not have allowed the soldier to leave the train for the Blagoveshchensk dead-end street, then why didn’t he at least write a postcard to his beloved on her way to the active army?.. (6) So, this was his first front-line war news more than two weeks late. (7) In any case, now it will become clear with what thoughts he went to war. (8) Varya impatiently unfolded the piece of paper, which was all pierced with a pencil—it was apparently written on her knee. (9) I had to go to the lamp to make out the dim, half-finished lines. (10) Varya immediately came across the main place. (11) “Perhaps the only reason, my dear, why I was silent all this time was that there was nowhere to settle down,” Rodion wrote briefly, with unexpected completeness and straightforwardly, as in confession. (12) – We are still retreating, retreating day and night, occupying more advantageous defensive positions, as the reports say. (13) I was also very sick, and even now I have not fully recovered: my illness is worse than any shell shock. (14) The most bitter thing is that I myself am quite healthy, completely intact, there is not a single scratch on me yet. (15) Burn this letter, I can tell you alone in the whole world about this,” Varya turned the page. (16) The incident happened in a Russian village, which our unit passed through in retreat. (17) I was the last in the company... and maybe the last in the entire army. (18) In front of us on the road stood a local girl of about nine years old, just a child, apparently taught at school to love the Red Army... (19) Of course, she did not really understand the strategic situation. (20) She ran up to us with wildflowers, and, as it happened, I got them. (21) She had such inquisitive, questioning eyes - it’s a thousand times easier to look at the midday sun, but I forced myself to take the bouquet, because I’m not a coward, I swear to you by my mother, Polenka, that I’m not a coward. (22) I closed my eyes, but took it from her, abandoned to the mercy of the enemy... (23) Since then, I have kept that dried broom with me constantly, on my body, like a burden of fire in my bosom, I will order it to be put on me in the grave, if anything happens will happen. (24) I thought I would bleed seven times before I became a man, but this is how it happens, dry... and this is the font of maturity! - (25) Then two lines came across that were completely illegible. - (26) And I don’t know, Polenka, whether my whole life will be enough to pay for that gift..." (27) - Yes, he has grown a lot, your Rodion, you’re right..." Varya said, folding the letter, because with such a system of thoughts it’s unlikely whether this soldier would be capable of any reprehensible act. (28) Hugging, the girlfriends listened to the rustling of the rain and the rare, fading beeps of cars. (29) The topic of the conversation was the events of the past day: the exhibition of captured aircraft that opened on the central square, the unfilled crater on Veselykh Street, as they were already accustomed to calling it among themselves, Gastello, whose selfless feat resounded throughout the country in those days. All rights to this material belong to the site owner. Full or partial copying is permitted only with the consent of the administrator.

Folk wisdom

1. “Young in years, but old in mind . This proverb says that growing up often comes before its time. Such people, despite their young age, have wisdom and life experience.
2. “Life is fun with the young, good with the old . This proverb says that people with rich life experience are much wiser than young people. When you're young, fun is the most important thing, but as you get older, comfort comes into play.
3. “Youth is stronger with its shoulders, old age is stronger with its head . The meaning of this proverb is that the main advantage of youth lies in the physical condition of a person; he is in the prime of his strength. And the main advantage of old age is in the experience and wisdom acquired throughout life.
4. “The honey mushrooms are young, but wormy . This proverb talks about people who have a rotten soul from an early age. Despite their pleasant appearance, they are wormy from the inside.
5. "The tree became crooked when it was young" . Our wise ancestors said that a person deteriorates from early youth. All bad deeds committed out of stupidity leave an imprint for life.
6. “Born small, but grown up - useful . This proverb says that in childhood it is too early to judge a person. Having matured, everyone can become worthy, you just need to want it.
7. “Youth is not in years, but in deeds . This proverb says that any person, regardless of his age, is judged by his actions.
8. “Father and mother are not enough for a lifetime . This proverb talks about the fact that a person needs to grow up in time and become independent. Our parents will not take care of us all our lives.
9. “When you sow a habit, you grow a character . The meaning of this proverb is that it all starts with habit. Good habits build character, bad habits spoil personality.
10. “Take care of your dress again, and take care of your honor from a young age . This proverb says that tarnished honor cannot be restored. Therefore, it must be protected from early youth, just like clothes, which must be stored from the very beginning in order to avoid rapid wear and tear.

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Aphorisms

1. “If children grew up in accordance with our expectations, we would only produce geniuses . The German writer Johann W. Goethe said that parents expect too much from their children. Not everyone is destined to become geniuses, so you need to lower your requirements according to reality.
2. “There is only one thing that upsets me in this world - that I need to become an adult . The French writer Antoine de Saint-Exupery considered childhood the best time in life, so he wrote with regret about the inevitable growing up. His world-famous fairy tale parable “The Little Prince” has become a hymn to childhood.
3. “As we grow up, we become more serious, and this, let me say, is the first step towards becoming stupid . The English politician and poet of the Enlightenment, Joseph Addison, said that children are much smarter than adults, because with age their intelligence is limited by many conventions.
4. “A careless word and a child grows up, deceived love and a person becomes bitter . French writer Andre Maurois wrote that children can grow up simply because of a careless word that offends them. And broken feelings lead to bitterness, in his opinion.
5. "Getting old is sad, but it's nice to grow up . Popular French film actress Brigitte Bardot said that growing up is a pleasant feeling. A person becomes wiser, looks at life more simply and adequately evaluates current events.
6. “Every child is born a deity, and then descends to a man . The French writer Simone de Beauvoir wrote that children are born unspoiled, so they can be compared to a deity. Only with age do they acquire the vices characteristic of every person.
7. “It’s worth growing up if only to learn to truly love . French film actress Vanessa Paradis said that growing up has its certain advantages, for example, a person learns what true love is.
8. “Nothing makes you grow up like betrayal . Russian Soviet writers and co-authors, the Strugatsky Brothers, wrote that a person suddenly becomes an adult only from suffering. One of the ways of such growing up is betrayal, which hurts the human soul.
9. “Growing up is damn hard! It’s much easier to move from one childhood to another . American writer Francis Scott Fitzgerald said that often people do not grow up like this, but simply move on to another childhood. Such individuals have no sense of responsibility or shame; they live for their own pleasure.
10. “Secrecy and lies are what we accept as adults . British writer Joan Catling Rowling wrote that adult life has many disadvantages compared to childhood. For example, a person learns what secrets and lies are.