Arguments from literature and life for an essay on the topic: “What is fear” (Unified State Exam in Russian)

There are a number of questions that do not have an unambiguous answer, including the question “What is fear,” so this topic is often raised in written works, for example, in the Unified State Examination essay in the Russian language, which requires arguments from literature and life. Fear limits our capabilities, feelings and thoughts. A person who is afraid of something exposes himself to many deprivations and restrictions, although often his fears turn out to be groundless and unfounded. There are no people who are not afraid of anything, but there are people who are able to overcome their fears, becoming stronger and more confident in themselves. They should serve as an example for graduates entering adult life.

The author's attitude to the problem

The feeling of fear is inherent in every person, only some people can control it, while others cannot. Fear is given to man by nature and underlies the instinct of self-preservation. The peculiarity of fear is that it can be transmitted from one person to another. A striking example of this is panic, which brings one harm. By overcoming our fears, we become stronger and freer.

Arguments

To get rid of the obsessive feeling of fear, you need to understand its cause.
Another name for primary fear is the instinct of self-preservation.
Fear is the best tool to control the masses.
Fear helps you not to do rash things.
Fear is a natural phenomenon.
Every person is afraid of something in their life.
Excessive fear must be fought.
Excessive fear prevents a person from living and developing.
Meaningful and controlled fear is used in education and crime prevention.
The main weapon against fear is our mind.

411.What helps a person overcome fear?

(352 words) Probably every person is familiar with such an internal state as fear. It is deep in the soul and manifests itself in the most unexpected moments. This feeling can give rise to self-doubt, weakness and cowardice. But how not to break under the onslaught of phobias and fear? What helps us overcome them?

The theme of fear appears quite often in literature. A striking example of the fight against fear is the main character of the famous story by Mikhail Sholokhov “The Fate of a Man” - Andrei Sokolov, who, despite the danger of the situation and the risk, does not allow fear to strangle his conscience and honor. Finding himself captured by the Germans, he escapes, knowing the cruel fate of those who are caught if the attempt fails. Returning to the camp caught, but not broken, the hero sets his comrades against the enemy, raising protest and fighting spirit in the prisoners. They want to shoot him for his critical remarks about the commandant's office. You can soften your fate only by drinking to Germany's victory. The man again tempts fate by refusing. His principles are above fear. For this act, Müller does not execute him, but, on the contrary, gives him food, which Andrei shared with other prisoners. This example shows that a truly moral person is able to overcome fear for the sake of a higher goal; in this case, he is motivated by the desire to save his people.

Also in Maxim Gorky’s story “Old Woman Izergil,” the main character turns a blind eye to the fear of danger, worrying more about the fate of the people around him than about his own fate. Overcoming his own fear, he led them out of the dense forest, illuminating the path for everyone with his flaming heart. The fact is that the Danko tribe was expelled from their lands and wandered through thickets and swamps in search of a new place to live. However, the crowd without a leader disbanded and got lost, and endless disputes led to nothing: the people faded away without light and hope. Then one young man took it upon himself to lead the rescue of his fellow countrymen. But people soon began to reproach and scold him, losing faith in the success of the enterprise, and then the leader sacrificed himself to convince them. Apparently, he was also motivated by the mission.

Thus, fear affects everyone, but to overcome it, other behavioral motives are needed, such as love, compassion, responsibility, duty. They inspire a person to abandon his worries and find in his heart the courage necessary to achieve a great goal.

Author: Alina Antipova
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Epithets for the word “fear”

Incessant, eternal, sudden, long-standing, long-standing, long, inveterate, original, inescapable, incessant, constant, continuous, merciless, unaccountable, insane, fruitless, restless, merciless, pointless, causeless, senseless, unconscious, reverent, Godly, painful, internal, disgusting, disastrous, deep, deaf, oppressive, childish, wild, animal, creepy, bestial, sinister, instinctive, sincere, chilling, icy, sticky, false, fierce, cowardly, boyish, petty, petty, mystical, powerful, cloudy, painful, naive, vain, unprecedented, involuntary, inexpressible, inexplicable, considerable, inexplicable, irresistible, indescribable, indefinite, persistent, persistent, genuine, exorbitant, incomprehensible, incommunicable, unconscious, insurmountable, insurmountable, unpleasant, unforgivable, intolerable, inhuman, low, aching, huge, chilling, devastating, organic, disgusting, desperate, panic, general, subcutaneous, subconscious, shameful, shameful, ghostly, forgivable, empty, slavish, supernatural, sacred, strong, mortal, mortal, vague, superstitious, mysterious, secret, dark, weary, dreary, sickening, alarming, dull, heavy, gloomy, terrible, humiliating, physical, cold, chilling, numbing, excessive, monstrous.

Examples from fiction

Oscar Wilde "The Picture of Dorian Gray".

The main character of the novel, Dorian Gray, was an ordinary handsome young man before the appearance of a portrait that began to age instead of him. After that, the fear settled in his heart that someone would find out this secret. Dorian didn't want anyone to find out his true face. He remained young and handsome, but all his base deeds left an imprint on his soul, making it uglier and more terrible. Only the portrait reflected the true essence of the main character.

For the first time, Dorian was struck by the changes that occurred on the canvas after the death of Sibyl Vane: his gaze became contemptuous, his facial features became harsher, the former purity and innocence disappeared from his appearance. Love for Gray replaced everything for Sybil, and his feelings cooled after realizing his beloved’s imperfections and he easily abandoned her, leaving the girl no other choice but death.

The years passed, everything around changed, except for Dorian himself. For a quarter of a century, he has not aged a bit, remaining the same handsome young man he was at the beginning of the novel. The portrait, on the contrary, changed a lot; the main character was no longer recognizable in the image. All his actions, thoughts and vices left an indelible imprint on the painted face and now, instead of a charming young man, a decrepit old man with a greedy gaze and a disgusting grin looked from the canvas. Dorian himself did not want to notice the changes because of his narcissism and vanity. He was afraid that he would grow old and then lose the meaning of his life, which lay in beauty and youth. This fear of death and society made Dorian's existence painful, and in the end, unable to bear it, he pierced the portrait with a knife, thereby killing himself.

The main idea of the novel is that the main fear in a person’s life lies in the truth, which he is afraid to realize. People can deceive anyone, but not themselves.

M.A. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita" .

M.A. Bulgakov raises a number of questions in the novel “The Master and Margarita”, among which is the topic of human vices. Ha-Nozri’s speeches affirm the idea that one of the main vices of a person is cowardice. Woland shows that nothing can change human nature: Judases, traitors and informers exist at all times. And the basis of betrayal is precisely cowardice generated by fear.

The theme of cowardice runs throughout the novel. The Master himself cannot be called a brave man; he could not stand up to his idea to the end. Refusal of his own manuscript meant cowardice, which allowed him to break himself. The master turned out to be the opposite of Yeshua, who remained unconvinced until his last breath. He didn't have that kind of fortitude.

Pontius Pilate also became a victim of his own cowardice. He was faced with a choice: listen to his heart or act as expected, save the innocent Yeshua or execute him, preserving his reputation and peace in the city. Fear of the high priest turned out to be stronger than his own concepts and willpower, so Ha-Nozri is sentenced to an unjust death due to the cowardice of the procurator of Judea. After his execution, Pontius Pilate was never able to find peace of mind and was tormented by remorse until his last breath.

The main character Margarita, although she was a weak woman, turned out to be much stronger than her lover and great Hegemon. In the name of her love and faith in the Master, she is able to overcome all fears and cope with any challenges. She fearlessly fights for her love until the very end.

A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" .

One of the main problems of the story by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" is the problem of courage and cowardice. The main character, Pyotr Grinev, is an honest, sincere and courageous man, for whom honor and devotion are above all else. He committed many brave, selfless acts that characterize him as a brave and noble man. He was not afraid to challenge his beloved’s offender to a duel, considering it his duty to defend her honor. He fought fearlessly in the defense of the fortress, and was not afraid to refuse Pugachev’s oath, knowing that for this he would face a painful death. Even the thought of betrayal was disgusting to Grinev, and the enemy leader respected him for this courage, granting him a pardon.

The opposite of the main character in the story is Alexey Ivanovich Shvabrin, who showed his cowardice even in a duel with Pyotr Grinev, wounding him in the back when he turned away. Fear and cowardice became the reason for such a vile act; fearing for his own life, Shvabrin was capable of striking on the sly. But Alexei Ivanovich was most frightened when Pugachev captured the Belogorsk fortress. Afraid of being executed, Shvabrin, without hesitation, went over to the side of his enemy. A cowardly person has no honor and dignity; he is capable of betrayal for his own benefit.

A.S. Pushkin wanted to convey to readers that only courage can free a person from the oppressive feeling of fear, filling the soul with self-confidence. Cowardice deprives a person of fortitude and forces him to commit unworthy acts.

Examples from life

The sinking of the Titanic is one of the most terrible and large-scale tragedies in human history. In two hours, about 1,500 people died, most of them due to panic and inept handling of the crew. The ship's crew spotted the iceberg just one minute before the collision. On board they were informed about the possible danger; on the day before the disaster, they reported 7 times about icebergs drifting along their route. Despite this, the liner was sailing at full speed, which is why it could not avoid the collision. The iceberg crashed into the side of the ship. The Titanic received six holes in the bow, where water immediately poured in. After examining the damage, the ship's captain gave the order to wake up the crew and prepare the boats. The SOS signal was sent immediately, but the nearest ship was able to arrive only after 4 hours. Only an hour after the accident the first boat was launched into the water. It was decided to rescue women and children first, since there were not enough life-saving equipment. According to the creators of the Titanic, too much space would be taken up by the required number of boats on the ship. Due to the inexperience of the crew, the first boats were sent half empty. At this time, the bow of the ship had already begun to go under water, as the front compartments were completely filled with water. The Titanic was sinking at a crazy speed, and panic began on board. The officers were issued revolvers, and by threatening them they managed to stop the maddened crowd several times. People threw themselves overboard, threw other people out of boats, men ran ahead of women, taking their places in the rescue boats. Fear clouded the minds of most people, so it was necessary to take brutal measures to restore order. Once launched, the boats immediately sailed away from the ship so as not to be drawn into the whirlpool that was supposed to form after its flooding. The half-empty boats could have saved the lives of several hundred more people, but only two returned and after so long they picked up only a small group of survivors. After the crash of the liner, generally accepted rules for navigation in dangerous waters and strict requirements for the means and measures of rescue were introduced.
Every person is afraid of something, but there are people who have more than one phobia. Among them was one of the greatest poets of the 20th century, V.V. Mayakovsky. First of all, Vladimir Vladimirovich suffered from mysophobia - an obsessive feeling of fear of contamination or infection. The poet was so afraid of catching any infection that he never touched the doorknob with his bare hands. To do this, he used a handkerchief or piece of paper. Mayakovsky always carried soap and a glass of water with him in order to wash his hands after each handshake, and had his hair cut at the hairdresser only after complete disinfection under his supervision. The poet developed such an unhealthy penchant for cleanliness for a reason: his father died of blood poisoning after pricking his finger with an ordinary needle while fastening papers. The panic fear was so strong that it often led Vladimir Vladimirovich to convulsions. In addition to germs, the poet was afraid of everyday life. The reluctance to be like everyone else developed a real phobia in him. Mayakovsky dressed in unusual fashion, drove the only Renault in the country, even the poet’s family life was full of originality. He sought to show individuality in all areas: in creativity, hobbies and love. Another tormenting fear of Mayakovsky was loneliness. He could not remain alone; the poet needed to always be in the spotlight. It was while alone that he committed suicide.

Folk wisdom

"Fear has big eyes" . The meaning of this proverb is that a person in a state of fear tends to exaggerate the danger or find it where there is none. This folk wisdom is used in cases where the danger is actually not as significant as it seems.
“If you are afraid of wolves, do not go into the forest . This proverb says that if a person is afraid of difficulties or dangers, he should not even take on any business.
“There are many fears, but one life . Our wise ancestors said that a person needs to cope with his own fears that prevent him from living.
“My soul has sunk into my heels . This is what they say about a person who is too scared.
“The heart is a falcon, and the courage is a crow . The meaning of this proverb is that courage is not inherited. You need to find it and save it yourself.
“The devil is not as terrible as he is painted . This proverb talks about human rumor, which turns out to be worse than reality .
. " Our wise ancestors said that death is nothing compared to the feeling of fear.
“Fear is afraid of its own shadow . This proverb talks about an acutely developed sense of fear, which can be afraid of its own shadow.
“Fear takes away strength . Our ancestors said that the feeling of fear deprives a person of strength.
“You can’t be afraid of any misfortune . The meaning of this proverb is that you need to live and enjoy life, because it is impossible to predict the future.

Essay - what is fear

Many people wonder what fear is. They want to never experience this feeling because it makes them uncomfortable. And sometimes fear turns into real depression or reluctance to act in any way. But here it is necessary to distinguish one from the other. As far as I know, fear exists in two forms. The first type is fear that occurs instantly, or is the human body’s reaction to a danger that has arisen. It could be a bandit caught on a dark road, or a car passing by that poses a danger to you. This is an instinct of self-preservation. Since ancient times, the human body has been using fear to warn people against situations that really endanger human life. But there is another type of fear , it forces a person to refuse actions that a person wants to take. This fear arises in a person at the personal level. Or rather, it is part of habits, and is also formed in a person through the rules and laws that are instilled in him by the society in which he lives. In any society, a person initially lives by these rules. And society instills in a person from childhood a dangerous picture of the world, that if a person goes beyond his comfort zone or changes his reality through his actions, this will harm him. Therefore, in his own way, when a person begins to act differently from what he is used to, he develops a fear instilled in him since childhood. And this fear prevents him from developing and living a full life. Because this danger is his phantom, the image that society instilled in him so that he would develop as slowly as possible. Moreover, this fear sits so deeply in a person’s character that with every new action, the person constantly plans the worst option, says “this will harm me,” or that “I won’t succeed.” But as soon as this fear is defeated, a person begins to understand that it was all an illusion .

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Aphorisms

“Fear is a disease that relaxes the soul, just as a physical illness relaxes the body . The English writer and publicist Daniel Defoe said that fear has the same destructive effect on the human soul as disease does on the human body.
“Courage is resistance to fear, not the absence of it . American writer Mark Twain believed that a person shows true courage when he tries to cope with his fear. A complete absence of fear does not mean a person’s courage, but his stupidity.
“Composure in a moment of anger is no less high and no less noble, like self-control in a moment of fear . The founder of economics, Adam Smith, said that a person must maintain his self-control in any circumstances.
"Frightened - half defeated . The great commander A. Suvorov believed that fear was the main reason for defeat. Frightened soldiers cannot fight with dignity on the battlefield, in his opinion.
“You cannot love either the one you fear or the one who fears you . The ancient Roman orator Cicero believed that there is no place for fear in love. If one of the lovers is afraid of the other, then the feelings are insincere.
“Cowards die many times before death, the brave die only once . The English poet and playwright W. Shakespeare said that cowardly people experience future death over and over again, imagining different options, but a brave person does not think about it, so he will die only once when his time comes.
“A person fears only what he does not know; knowledge conquers all fear . Famous literary critic V.G. Belinsky said that a person experiences a feeling of fear only in front of the unknown. As soon as he knows something, fear disappears.
“A coward is more dangerous than any other person; he should be feared most of all . The German publicist and writer Ludwig Börne considered a cowardly person a dangerous adversary. The feeling of fear pushes people to the most vile and vile acts.
“A criminal can sometimes escape punishment, but not the fear of it . The ancient Roman philosopher and poet Lucius Annaeus Seneca wrote that a criminal will always experience fear of punishment. Therefore, the feeling of fear of retribution is the best punishment.
“This is the vice inherent in our nature: things invisible, hidden and unknown give rise to both great faith and the strongest fear in us . The Roman Emperor Gaius Julius Caesar said that the unknown not only gives rise to faith in the human soul, but also leads him into a state of extreme fear of the unknown.

Essay Arguments the problem of fear

“If you are afraid of wolves, do not go into the forest” - this is the Russian proverb that fits our topic perfectly. Every person in the world has experienced fear at least once. Fear of consequences from making decisions or getting a bad grade. You can be afraid of anything, but is it worth conquering your fear, trying to fight it? Of course we should. Being a cowardly and intimidated person in our time is difficult. When we fight fear, try to deceive it, find different ways to eliminate it, we find new strengths in ourselves, discover new character traits. Classical literature is full of examples on the topic of fear. Let's list some of them.

In the work of the great writer F. M. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment,” the main character Rodion Raskolnikov committed several brutal murders. Throughout the novel, he was tormented by his conscience, but in the end he found the strength to repent of his actions.

Bradbury's "Ice and Fire" also reveals the problem of fear.

The people in his work lived only 8 days, and they could not be saved, since the sun at some hours could burn them to ashes. But one brave man named Sim decided to fight for his life and also save others by reaching the ship, which is visible in the distance. At the end of the story, many were able to escape, thanks to him and his friend Light. Sim proved that you need to conquer your fears. And also that fear can lead to death. How many more generations would he have to wait if he had not tried? I think a lot.

As they say, fear has big eyes. Victory over fear always bears fruit. It gives us an incentive to move on and improve. Are you enrolling in 2021? Our team will help you save your time and nerves: we will select directions and universities (according to your preferences and expert recommendations); we will fill out applications (all you have to do is sign); we will submit applications to Russian universities (online, by e-mail, by courier); we will monitor competition lists ( we will automate the tracking and analysis of your positions); we will tell you when and where to submit the original (we will evaluate the chances and determine the best option). Entrust the routine to professionals - more details.

Fear will always exist, and it is worth understanding that it cannot be completely eradicated. But you can always “block” it, muffle it, so that a person can live in peace. Living without fear is a wonderful pastime that will give you a storm of emotions. Looking fear in the eye and defeating it under any circumstances is what every person should be able to do for their prosperous existence.

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