"From one extreme to the other"
Xavier de Maistre. Portrait of Alexander Pushkin as a child (fragment). 1801-1802. Private collection
Irina Vitman. Pushkin the Lyceum student in Tsarskoe Selo (fragment). 1954. Private collection
Yuri Ivanov. Pushkin the Lyceum student (fragment). Set of postcards. Moscow. "Art". 1984
Alexander Pushkin was born into an impoverished noble family on June 6, 1799. In early childhood, he was a silent and sedentary child - his older sister Olga recalled that until the age of six the boy “was just a lump.” Pushkin received his primary education at home. His upbringing was no different from the system then generally accepted in noble families: his parents hired him tutors and teachers from France, Germany, England, and Russia.
Studying was difficult for Pushkin, and teachers noted that he was not diligent. However, the boy soon became interested in reading. “I spent sleepless nights and secretly devoured books one after another in my father’s office,” his younger brother Lev later recalled.
I don't know what will happen to my eldest grandson. The boy is smart and a lover of books, but he studies poorly, rarely passing his lesson in order; Either you can’t stir him up, you can’t get him to play with the children, then suddenly he turns around and diverges so much that nothing can calm him down: he rushes from one extreme to another, he has no middle ground.
Maria Hannibal
My love for reading grew into attempts to create my own texts. Already at the age of seven, Pushkin was composing small comedies in French, imitating Moliere. Later, after reading the works of La Fontaine, the young author wanted to write fables. And after reading Voltaire’s “Henriad,” Pushkin conceived a poem in six songs: all the books he read inspired the aspiring author.
"The Frenchman" at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum
Ilya Repin. Alexander Pushkin at the act at the Lyceum on January 8, 1815 (fragment). 1911. All-Russian Museum of A.S. Pushkin, St. Petersburg
In 1811, Pushkin’s parents decided to send their son to the Jesuit College, but their plans changed when a lyceum for noble children opened in Tsarskoye Selo. Under the patronage of friends, the Pushkins placed their 12-year-old son in an elite institution. Initially, it was intended to prepare children from the imperial family and their peers for the highest civil ranks. But the status of the Lyceum decreased: Pushkin studied in a privileged and closed institution, but among equal children from impoverished families. Within the walls of the Lyceum, many became close friends. Three comrades - Ivan Pushchin, Anton Delvig, Wilhelm Kuchelbecker - remained Pushkin's friends for life.
The famous lawyer Alexander Kunitsyn, philosopher Alexander Galich, and philologist Nikolai Koshansky taught at the Lyceum. It was the professors who had a greater influence on the intellectual and moral development of lyceum students - relatives could visit their children only on weekends. On weekdays, classes began at seven in the morning and continued until late in the evening. During his years of study, Alexander Pushkin perceived his alma mater as a “monastery” and dreamed of the freedom that would come with graduating from the Lyceum.
Pushkin did not study very well; logic and mathematics were especially difficult for the young writer. Despite his brilliant memory, he lacked perseverance and attention. However, the teachers noted the student’s erudition. At the Lyceum, he continued to read a lot and write texts in French. Lyceum student Sergei Komovsky recalled that because of his love for this language, Pushkin “was called... in mockery a Frenchman, and in terms of his physiognomy and some habits, a monkey and even a mixture of a monkey and a tiger.”
In Russian, Alexander Pushkin composed small epigrams and messages, and also outlined the structure of his future autobiography. The young author was so fascinated by literary creativity that ideas for works were born one after another for several months in advance: “Yesterday I wrote the third chapter of “Fatama, or Human Reason.” I started a comedy, but I don’t know if I’ll finish it. The day before yesterday I wanted to write an ironic poem “Igor and Olga.” In the summer I will paint “The Picture of Tsarskoe Selo.” Pushkin also wrote poems. In 1814, he first published one of them - “To a Poet Friend” - under the pseudonym Alexander N.k.sh.p. in the journal "Bulletin of Europe".
The first major success awaited Pushkin in 1815 during the winter transfer exam - a 15-year-old lyceum student read his poem “Memoirs in Tsarskoe Selo.” Gabriel Derzhavin was present at the exam; he was shocked by the creation of the young poet. Pushkin later wrote: “I don’t remember how I finished my reading; I don’t remember where I ran away to. Derzhavin was delighted; he demanded me, wanted to hug me... They looked for me, but didn’t find me.”
short biography
Alexander Pushkin was born on May 26, 1799 into a noble family in Moscow. His father, Lvovich Sergei, belonged to a noble family. The grandfather of Nadezhda Iosifovna, his mother, Hannibal Abram Petrovich, was an African and was a pupil and servant of Tsar Peter I himself.
Youth and creativity
The boy's education and upbringing took place under the supervision of French tutors, grandmother Hannibal Maria Alekseevna and nanny Arina Rodionovna.
In 1811, Alexander Pushkin entered the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum and studied there until 1817, after which the young man served as collegiate secretary at the College of Foreign Affairs.
The young poet’s poem “To a Poet Friend” first appeared in print in 1814 in the famous magazine “Bulletin of Europe”, after which Alexander Pushkin was accepted into the Arzamas literary society. The poet was unable to work at the College of Foreign Affairs; he devoted himself entirely to creativity and constantly brought new poems to the editorial office:
At the same time, the poet actively began working on the poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila” and completed it in the spring of 1820.
The poet wrote many poems, which were approved by editors and readers. His talent was visible in every work; this was largely influenced by his studies at the Lyceum, where his mentors were poets whose work Pushkin became acquainted with in his father’s library. The young writer's favorite author was Voltaire. While still at the Lyceum, the poet took a lot from the works of the main romantic of Russian literature, Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky, and enthusiastically studied the foundations of poetic professionalism.
In 1814, the writer focused his attention on socially significant topics and wrote the work “Memoirs in Tsarskoe Selo,” which he dedicated to the Patriotic War. The poem arouses great interest and is published in the Russian Museum magazine.
It’s interesting to know: Tyutchev’s biography of the poet, the life and work of the writer.
Links
Until 1826, the poet spent time working and presented poems to readers:
In 1823, the poet began to write a novel in verse “Eugene Onegin” in Odessa, from where, due to difficult relations with Vorontsov, he was sent to his mother in Mikhailovskoye, where he was under the supervision of local authorities. There, Pushkin continued his activities as a realist artist: he continued the novel “Eugene Onegin”, began “Boris Godunov”, became famous for the poems “On Vorontsov”, “On Alexander I” and others.
In December 1825, the poet learned about the arrest of many of his friends and the Decembrist uprising. During this difficult time, Pushkin asked his friends in letters not to vouch for him and to leave any beliefs and actions regarding his work. In the fall of 1826, the poet received an order from Nicholas I to immediately come to him in Moscow.
Pushkin's service and career
Ivan Aivazovsky. Portrait of Alexander Pushkin on the Black Sea shore (fragment). 1897. All-Russian Museum A.S. Pushkin, St. Petersburg
Ivan Aivazovsky. Pushkin on the Black Sea coast (fragment). 1887. Nikolaev Art Museum named after V.V. Vereshchagina, Nikolaev, Ukraine
Ivan Aivazovsky, Ilya Repin. Alexander Pushkin's farewell to the sea (fragment). 1877. All-Russian Museum A.S. Pushkin, St. Petersburg
In 1817, Alexander Pushkin graduated from the Lyceum. In terms of academic performance, he was 24th out of 29 graduates. Pushkin was sent to the Collegium of Foreign Affairs as an official of the X class. But he was only listed there: public service attracted little attention to the young man. After six years of study, Pushkin plunged headlong into the social life of the capital and, as a famous and honored author, found himself in the society of St. Petersburg writers. While still at the Lyceum, he became a member of the Arzamas literary circle, which fought against archaic linguistic traditions.
In 1819, Pushkin joined the literary and theatrical society “Green Lamp” under the Decembrist “Union of Welfare”. Its participants promoted freedom-loving ideas. At the meetings, poems were read, theater premieres were discussed, and journalistic articles were criticized. Not only secular debates were held here, but also political conversations. All this was reflected in Pushkin’s work: he wrote several epigrams on statesmen of that time, the ode “Liberty”, the poems “To Chaadaev” and “Village”.
Sharp political works incurred the wrath of Alexander I, and the emperor decided to exile Pushkin to Siberia or to the Solovetsky Monastery. However, Nikolai Karamzin stood up for the poet: Pushkin’s service was transferred from the capital to the South. Before leaving, in 1820, Alexander Pushkin completed the poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila”. Vasily Zhukovsky appreciated this work very highly and presented the poet with his portrait with the caption “To a winning student from a defeated teacher.”
Brief biography of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin for elementary school children
A. S. Pushkin is a famous Russian poet and prose writer.
A talented boy was born into a noble family.
As a child, Alexander Sergeevich spent a lot of time visiting his grandmother, where he was raised by his nanny Arina Rodionovna.
It is the nanny that the poet will describe with great love in his works.
Alexander studied at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, was a member of the Arzamas society and the Green Lamp literary and theatrical community.
Alexander Sergeevich’s poems began appearing in print in 1814.
And in 1821 he wrote the poem “Prisoner of the Caucasus,” which made Pushkin one of the leaders among his contemporaries.
In 1820, the poet was exiled to Siberia because the emperor did not like his political lyrics.
In 1831, Pushkin married Natalya Goncharova, and in 1836 they already had four children.
In 1837, the poet fought a duel with Dantes, as a result of which he died.
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Southern link
Boris Shcherbakov. Pushkin over the lake in the evening (fragment). 1978. Private collection
In the spring of 1820, Alexander Pushkin went to Chisinau, to the office of the chief trustee of the colonists of the Southern Territory. On the way to his new duty station, the poet became very ill. To improve his health, Pushkin went first to the Caucasus, then to the Crimea. Travel impressions from the south of the empire were later reflected in some of his works. Finally, in September 1820, Pushkin arrived in Chisinau.
The new chief, Lieutenant General Ivan Inzov, treated his subordinate’s service condescendingly and did not entrust him with any official duties. Pushkin managed his time as he wanted: he communicated with members of the “Union of Welfare,” and joined the Ovid Masonic Lodge. In his free hours he still wrote. During this period, “Caucasian Prisoner”, “Gabriiliad”, “The Robber Brothers”, “Bakhchisarai Fountain”, “Song of the Prophetic Oleg” appeared. Pushkin also began working on a novel in verse, Eugene Onegin.
At this time, the poet’s books began to be published in St. Petersburg - “Ruslan and Lyudmila”, “Prisoner of the Caucasus”, “Bakhchisarai Fountain”. Pushkin’s professional activity began with them: he was the first of the writers in Russia to begin to earn money through literary work.
In 1823, Pushkin moved to Odessa. Here he got a job in the office of Count Vorontsov. However, soon official and personal conflicts led to Pushkin asking for resignation.
Vorontsov is a vandal, a court boor and a petty egoist. He saw me as a college secretary, but I admit, I think something different about myself. I will move away from evil and do good: I will give up my service and take up rhyme.
Alexander Pushkin
Meanwhile, in Moscow in 1824, the police opened a letter from Pushkin: he wrote to Kuchelbecker about his passion for “atheistic teachings.” For such statements, the poet was threatened with more than just resignation. Pushkin was sent into real exile to the family estate in the village of Mikhailovskoye, Pskov province - the South was still passed off as a forced business trip. The writer was deprived of his modest salary, supervision was established, and the end of the sentence was not indicated in any way.
Brief biography of Pushkin for 5th grade
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin was born on June 6, 1799 in Moscow into a family of nobles.
His father (Sergei Lvovich Pushkin) was fond of poetry, and his uncle (Vasily Lvovich) was a famous poet of that time - all this greatly influenced Alexander. As a child, the future poet often visited the village of Zakharovo near Moscow. He was looked after by his own grandmother, as well as by his nanny, Arina Rodionovna.
Pushkin treated her with great love, and later dedicated several poems to her (“Nanny”, “Winter Evening”).
At the age of 12 (in 1811), Pushkin went to study at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum near St. Petersburg. There his literary talent was first revealed, which was openly recognized by his teachers and famous poets of that time.
In 1814, the poet’s poem “To a Poet Friend” was first published in the journal “Bulletin of Europe”.
Pushkin studied at the Lyceum for 6 years, and after graduation (in 1817) he went to St. Petersburg, where he began working at the College of Foreign Affairs. In St. Petersburg, the poet led an active social life, attended many events and wrote poetry.
Three years later (in 1820), Pushkin’s first poem, “Ruslan and Lyudmila,” was published.
In the same year, the poet was sent into southern exile in Chisinau due to unacceptable poems and epigrams. There he visited the Crimea and the Caucasus, as a result of which the poems “Bakhchisarai Fountain” and “Prisoner of the Caucasus” were born.
After 4 years (in 1824), Pushkin was sent to another exile - to the village of Mikhailovskoye - the estate of his mother. Despite the problems that befell him, he actively continued to work on new works.
While the poet was in exile, the former emperor (Alexander I) died, and Nicholas I took his place.
In 1826, he invited the poet to a personal meeting. As a result of their conversation, the emperor “pardoned” Pushkin and freed him from exile.
In Moscow, the poet actively participates in social life, and at one of the evenings he meets Natalya Goncharova.
In the autumn of 1830, Alexander Sergeevich went to the village of Boldino (family estate) to resolve economic issues. There he works fruitfully and creates many works (“Belkin’s Tales”, “House in Kolomna”, several fairy tales). This period is called “Boldino autumn”.
In 1831, Alexander Pushkin married Natalya Goncharova.
In the same year, the famous novel “Eugene Onegin” was published.
In the fall of 1833, the poet again went to the village of Boldino. There he actively worked on new works (“The Bronze Horseman”). This period will be called the “Second Boldino Autumn.”
Three years later (in 1836), Pushkin published his own magazine, Sovremennik.
He uses it to publish his own works, since many of his works are not published. For example, this is how the novel “The Captain's Daughter” was first published.
On February 8, 1837, a duel took place between Pushkin and Dantes on the Black River in St. Petersburg. As a result of the meeting, the poet was seriously wounded.
2 days later (February 10, 1837) Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin died.
Source
Pushkin in Mikhailovsky
Leonid Nepomnyashchy. Arinushka's tales (fragment). 2005. Private collection
Nikolay Repin. Autumn in Mikhailovsky (fragment). 1999. Private collection
Nikolay Ge. Portrait of Alexander Pushkin in the village of Mikhailovskoye (fragment). 1875. Kharkov Art Museum, Kharkov, Ukraine
In Mikhailovskoye, Pushkin led a solitary life. The parents, along with their sister Olga and brother Lev, left the estate so that the exile would not have a bad influence on the family. At first the poet was happy about the peace and quiet, but with the onset of autumn cold he became sad. The only entertainment for Pushkin was conversations with his nanny Arina Rodionovna. Her fairy tales, as the poet said, corrected the shortcomings of French education. He wrote down the plots of magical stories and later used them in his works.
The reclusive lifestyle did not become disastrous for Pushkin, rather the opposite: the writer read a lot, worked, and thought about creativity. In the first Mikhailovsky autumn he began to write “Boris Godunov”. This tragedy became an important stage in the poet’s work: he moved from romanticism with its heroics to a realistic embodiment of characters.
Following the example of Shakespeare, I limited myself to depicting eras and historical figures, without chasing stage effects, romantic outbursts, etc.
Alexander Pushkin
Exoticism and abstraction have left the poet’s work, and contemporary realities have come to the fore. Having completed the tragedy, Pushkin wrote to Prince Peter Vyazemsky: “My tragedy is over; I reread it out loud, alone, and beat my hands and shouted, oh yes Pushkin, oh yes son of a bitch!
Pushkin completed the poem “To the Sea”, begun in Odessa, resumed work on autobiographical notes, wrote a comic poem “Count Nulin”, a love poem-dedication “To ***”.
“I want to publish or publish myself”
Alexander Kravchuk. Alexander Pushkin on the Moika (fragment). 2000. Private collection
Alexander I died on December 1, 1825. The Emperor left no heirs, and the would-be Emperor Constantine, the next eldest brother, abdicated the throne. Nikolai Pavlovich became a contender for power. Members of the Northern Secret Society decided to take advantage of the interregnum. An uprising was scheduled for the morning of December 26th. The participants planned to withdraw troops to Senate Square and force the senators, instead of swearing allegiance to Nicholas, to sign a manifesto to the Russian people on the convocation of the Constituent Assembly. A constitutional monarchy or republic was to be established in Russia. However, the coup attempt failed.
Pushkin learned about the Decembrist uprising while in exile. The investigation into this case did not promise anything good: the poet’s poems were found on all those arrested. The writer had to give a receipt that he was not a member of secret societies and did not know about their existence. Although Pushkin was worried about his situation, he hoped that the new emperor would forgive him and release him from exile.
I already wrote to the Tsar, immediately after the investigation was completed, concluding a petition in exactly your words. I'm waiting for an answer, but I'm not hopeful. I never liked revolt and revolution, that's true; but I was in contact with almost everyone and in correspondence with many of the conspirators. All the outrageous manuscripts went under my name, just as all the obscene ones went under the name of Barkov. If I had been demanded by the commission, I would of course have acquitted myself, but they left me alone, and it seems that this is not good. However, the devil knows.
From a letter from Alexander Pushkin to Prince Peter Vyazemsky
In 1826, the first collection “Poems of Alexander Pushkin” was published. It was a huge success: the volume sold out in a few weeks. This year, Pushkin wrote the next chapters of Eugene Onegin, but he was in no hurry to publish them, just like other works. In response to the publisher Pyotr Pletnev, he sharply replied: “I want to publish myself or give it away to the world” - that is, to be freed from exile.
On September 20, 1826, Pushkin was summoned to an audience with Tsar Nicholas I. After the brutal reprisal against the Decembrists, the emperor wanted to win over society, so he returned the beloved famous poet from exile. The monarch not only freed Pushkin, but guaranteed the highest patronage and offered to become his personal censor.
After a conversation with Nicholas I, the writer hoped to gain complete freedom in his creativity. However, the tsar had other plans: Pushkin was to become a poet at court. The calculation did not come true. In 1827, Pushkin wrote the poem “Arion”, in which he expressed loyalty to liberation ideas. And through the wife of the Decembrist, Alexandra Muravyova, he conveyed to the Siberian penal servitude the poem “In the depths of the Siberian ores” - a message to the revolutionaries.
Censorship intensified, the poet’s personal correspondence was looked through, and his every step was reported to the chief of the Third Department of Gendarmes, Alexander Benckendorff. Pushkin was even forbidden to travel freely around the country and publicly read his works. Despite strict control, he continued to defend freedom-loving ideas and dedicated the poems “The Poet and the Crowd” and “The Poet” to this topic.
Personal life of Pushkin
Leonid Nepomnyashchy. In the alleys of Mikhailovsky (fragment). 2005. Private collection
Mikhail Shankov. Palace Square (fragment). 1999. Private collection
Leonid Nepomnyashchy. Family portrait of the Pushkins in Mikhailovsky (fragment). 2005. Private collection
In 1829, at one of the balls, Alexander Pushkin met Natalya Goncharova. The girl at that time was 16 years old, the poet was almost 30. The first beauty of Moscow immediately captivated Pushkin, and a few months later he proposed to Goncharova. However, her mother referred to the girl’s young age and did not immediately give consent. The upset writer left Moscow to join his brother in the Caucasus, where there was a war going on at that time.
When I saw her [Natalia Goncharova] for the first time, society was just beginning to notice her beauty. I fell in love with her, my head was spinning, I asked for her hand. Your answer, with all its uncertainty, almost drove me crazy; that same night I left for the army. You ask me - why? I swear I can’t say it myself; but an involuntary melancholy drove me from Moscow: I could not bear the presence of you and her in it.
From a letter from Alexander Pushkin to Natalya Goncharova's mother
In the Caucasus, Pushkin wrote a series of poems dedicated to this region: “Caucasus”, “On the hills of Georgia lies the darkness of the night...”, “Collapse”, “Delibash” and “Monastery on Kazbek”. In 1830, the writer returned to Moscow and again proposed to Natalya Goncharova. This time the parents blessed the couple.
However, the wedding was hampered by the fact that Pushkin did not have any property. Then the poet’s father allocated to his son part of the family estate of Boldino, Nizhny Novgorod province, the village of Kistenevo, along with two hundred peasants. In the summer of 1830, Pushkin went there to settle legal issues.
Boldino autumn
Evgeny Mukovnin. Pushkin in Boldino (fragment). 2007. Private collection
The writer expected to stay in Boldino for no more than a month, but the cholera epidemic changed his plans. It was impossible to leave the village, so the writer spent three months here.
Entry into Moscow is prohibited, and now I am locked in Boldin. I am completely discouraged and really don’t know what to do. It is clear that this year (damn it) our wedding will not happen. No neighbors, no books. The weather is terrible. I spend my time scribbling paper and getting angry.
from a letter from Alexander Pushkin to Natalya Goncharova
Boldino autumn is a period of unprecedented creative growth. In Boldin, Pushkin finished “Eugene Onegin”, wrote “The Stories of the Late Ivan Petrovich Belkin”, “The History of the Village of Goryukhin”, “Little Tragedies”, the drama “Rusalka”, the poem “The House in Kolomna” and many poems.
Pushkin returned to Moscow in December 1830, and a few months later he married Natalya Goncharova. The poet dreamed of solitude, a quiet family life and quiet work on books. However, his wishes were not destined to come true.
Maturity
In 1830 A.S. Pushkin wooed Natalya Goncharova. Before getting married, he decides to visit the village of Kistenevka, allocated to him by his father and located not far from his estate in Boldino. There he is forced to stay for almost three months due to the cholera epidemic in Moscow and quarantines established everywhere. This period in Pushkin’s life is called the “Boldino Autumn” because at that time, many wonderful works of various genres came from the poet’s pen, such as “Belkin’s Stories”, “Little Tragedies”: “The Miserly Knight”, “Mozart and Salieri”, “The Stone Guest”, “A Feast during the Plague” - the poem “The House in Kolomna”, the entire novel “Eugene Onegin” (except for Onegin’s letter), the story “The History of the Village of Goryukhin”, “The Tale of the Priest and His Worker Balda”, critical articles, many poems. In the Boldino autumn, Pushkin's talent reached full bloom.
In 1831, Pushkin married Natalya Goncharova and moved to St. Petersburg. During this period he wrote many works on historical topics. These are “Dubrovsky”, “The Captain’s Daughter”, “The Story of Pugachev”.
Duel and death of the poet
Alexey Naumov. Pushkin's duel with Dantes (fragment). 1884. State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg
Adrian Volkov. The last shot of Alexander Pushkin (fragment). 1869. All-Russian Museum A.S. Pushkin, St. Petersburg
Mikhail Shankov (fragment). Duel. 2002. Private collection
In 1831, Alexander Pushkin was hired as a historiographer to write “The History of Peter.” But the writer was more fascinated by the biography of the rebel Emelyan Pugachev. Pushkin planned to create an epic novel about this era. First, he collected information in the archives, then went to the areas of the Pugachev uprising - the Volga region and the Urals - in order to reliably describe the events of that time.
After the expedition, Alexander Pushkin left for Boldino. On the family estate, he worked on the scientific essay “The History of Pugachev”, wrote “The Bronze Horseman”, “Angelo”, “The Queen of Spades”, “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish”, “The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Knights”. The second Boldino autumn turned out to be half as long as the previous one, but no less productive for Pushkin.
Nicholas I granted Pushkin a junior court rank - the rank of chamber cadet. Now the Pushkin couple could be officially invited to court balls. The poet considered this position insulting for his age. The writer wanted to refuse the new title, but had to accept it.
Friends, Veliegorsky and Zhukovsky, had to pour cold water on the new chamber cadet, so excited was he [Pushkin] by this award! If not for them, he, being beside himself, flushed, with a blazing face, wanted to go to the palace and say rude things to the king himself.
Pavel Nashchokin, friend of the poet
In the 1830s, Pushkin wrote only realistic works. But his contemporaries were not ready for the new literary movement, which described social inequality, historical phenomena and other complex aspects of life. His fellow writers did not accept the writer’s new works, and he also did not find support in court circles. In St. Petersburg, there was gossip about Pushkin's wife and her admirers, and the poet received anonymous letters. The poet could not remain calm and endure offensive rumors.
On February 8, 1837, a duel between Alexander Pushkin and Georges Dantes, the main intriguer who discredited the reputation of Natalya Pushkina, took place. During the fight, the poet was seriously wounded and died two days later. Alexander Pushkin was buried on the territory of the Svyatogorsk Monastery in the Pskov province.
Brief biography of Pushkin for primary school children
In order to obtain knowledge about the work and life of the great poet of Russian literature for primary school children, this article contains the most important information about the events that took place during the years of Pushkin’s life. The poet's biography is presented for children in the format of a fascinating story.
A story about Pushkin
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin is known today not only as a Russian poet, but also as an excellent prose writer, playwright, publicist and critic.
He was born in Moscow on May 26, 1799. He was raised at home by French tutors, thanks to which, as a child, he showed knowledge of the French language and a love of reading. At the age of twelve, the boy studies at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. After his studies, Alexander begins to serve at the College of Foreign Affairs, but he cannot work there for a single day, since he cannot live without creativity. His first works: the poems “To Chaadaev”, “Village”, “On Arakcheev” and the poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila”.
Mentors and famous poets were surprised at the child’s abilities even in childhood, but the directions of his work in adolescence surprised them more and more. He touched on serious political topics, which is why he was sent into exile to the south, and in 1824 he went to Mikhailovskoye, where he worked on the poem “Eugene Onegin” under the supervision of local authorities.
In 1828, having not received the hand of the first beauty of Moscow, Natalya Goncharova, he voluntarily goes to the Caucasus, but returns and proposes to her again. Natalya Goncharova accepts the proposal and during their married life gives birth to two sons and two daughters.
The last years of the poet's life pass in difficult living conditions. Relations with the tsar worsen, enmity begins on the part of the aristocrats and bureaucrats, the poet accumulates debts, but does not give up his creative work. He writes “The Queen of Spades ”, “The Bronze Horseman”, “The Captain’s Daughter” and many fairy tales for children, and these works help him achieve success and receive permission from the Tsar to publish his own magazine “Sovremennik”, which subsequently publishes the works of many famous writers.
In the winter of the following year, his enemies spread a rumor about his wife’s betrayal with Baron Dantes, whom Alexander Sergeevich, without hesitation, challenges to a duel to defend his honor. It was this sad event that led to the death of the great poet. On January 27, 1837, he died two days after the duel due to a wound to the stomach.
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