Brief biography of Green Alexander (life and work)

Childhood and youth

August 23, 1880, Slobodskaya. Here, a boy was born to the Pole Stepan Evseevich Grinevsky and Anna Stepanovna Lepkova (mother’s maiden name), who was given the name Alexander . Alexander had another brother and two sisters born after him.

Parents: Stepan Evseevich and Anna Stepanovna

Despite the fact that the eldest son was left to his own devices most of the time, he learned to read and write early (he was 6 years old) and began to read voraciously. Most of all, he loved adventure novels about sailors, since from childhood he wanted to be a sailor .

In 1889, the boy began studying in a preparatory class at a local school, where he received the nickname “Green,” which later became his creative pseudonym. He studied poorly, and his behavior left much to be desired. Therefore, Alexander was soon expelled from the school. But under the patronage of his father, he was transferred to another, less prestigious one. In 1895, the young man’s mother dies of tuberculosis. 4 months after her death, her father remarries. However, Alexander’s relationship with his stepmother did not work out, and he was forced to live alone.

In young age

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short biography

Odessa life . 1896 After graduating from college, Alexander leaves for Odessa. The young man had only 25 rubles with him, which his father provided him with. However, such a negligible amount could not help him get a normal job. Therefore, for some time the future writer becomes a vagabond. Then, with the help of his father’s friend, he gets a job as a sailor on the ship “Plato”. But I had to say goodbye to the dream of a sailor, since the reality turned out to be very harsh and unfair.
Soldier's service . 1902 Alexander becomes a soldier in the royal army in order to at least be well-fed and have a roof over his head. His place of service was Orovai Reserve Infantry Battalion No. 213, which was stationed in Penza. However, the lack of rights and harsh attitude towards the soldiers on the part of the officers led to the fact that the young man could not bear such an attitude towards himself and ran away. It was then that Greene's revolutionary spirit appeared.
Arrest . 1903, Sevastopol. Alexander Green is arrested for activities directed against the existing system and sent to a maximum security prison. The basis is escape.
Court . February 1905, Sevastopol. Alexander Stepanovich was sentenced by a naval court to 10 years in Siberian exile. Green received such a sentence thanks to the defense of the famous lawyer Alexander Sergeevich Zarudny, although the prosecutor wanted him to be given 20 years of hard labor.
Liberation . October 1905. Green was released due to a general amnesty.
Re-arrest . January 1906, St. Petersburg. Green was arrested again and then exiled for 4 years to the city of Turinsk, from which he fled 3 days later to his father in his native Vyatka so that he could help him get another passport.
Debut story . Summer 1906. Alexander Green’s debut work was the story “The Merit of Private Panteleev,” in which he wrote about gross violations in the tsarist army. The fate of this story was very deplorable, since the police destroyed the entire printed edition.
Publication of the first collection . 1908 Green manages to publish the first collection of his stories, “The Invisible Cap,” dedicated to revolutionaries.
Release of the second collection . The year 1910 was marked by the release of the second collection of stories by Alexander Stepanovich, in which his future writing genre was already clearly visible.
Magazine employee . 1914 Green gets a job at the New Satyricon magazine, which is quite popular among the readership. Moreover, Green manages to publish a collection of stories he wrote, “An Incident on Dog Street,” in an appendix to the magazine.
The flourishing of writing talent . 1923 Green receives a fee for the published novel “The Shining World,” which he spends on a trip to Crimea. After returning from their trip, Nina and Alexander move to another apartment consisting of four rooms. In the same year, Green published his famous enchanting work “Scarlet Sails”.
Moving to the south . Summer 1924. Green, along with his wife and her mother, are moving to Feodosia for permanent residence. Here he writes the novel “The Golden Chain”.
The main masterpiece . Autumn 1926. The writer’s main masterpiece was the novel “Running on the Waves,” which he wrote for 18 months.
The writer's latest novels . In 1929, the writer's last two novels were published. These are: “The Road to Nowhere”; "Jesse and Morgiana."
Death . During his turbulent life, Alexander Stepanovich often had to go hungry. Over time, this led to stomach cancer, which became the cause of the writer’s death. The writer left this world on July 7, 1932.

Alexander Green shortly before his death

Biography of Alexander Green

Since childhood, Alexander Green has dreamed of the seas and distant countries.

In 1896, after graduating from the four-year Vyatka City School, he left for Odessa. He led a wandering life, worked as a sailor, fisherman, navvy, a traveling circus performer, a railway worker, and panned for gold in the Urals.

In 1902, due to extreme need, he voluntarily entered military service. Due to the severity of life as a soldier, he fled the battalion twice. While serving in the army, he became close to the socialist revolutionaries and became involved in revolutionary activities.

In 1903 he was arrested, sat in a Sevastopol prison, and was exiled to Siberia for ten years (he fell under the October amnesty of 1905).

In 1906, he was arrested in St. Petersburg, where he lived illegally, and deported to the Tobolsk province; from where he escaped and returned to St. Petersburg. Lived on someone else's passport.

The years of living under an assumed name became the time of a break with the revolutionary past and Green’s development as a writer. After the first published story “To Italy” (1906), the next ones - “The Merit of Private Panteleev” (1906) and “Elephant and Pug” (1906) - were removed from print by censorship.

Pseudonym “A.S. Green" first appeared under the story "The Case" (1907). Subsequently, Grinevsky signed almost all of his works this way.

Green's first collections of short stories, The Invisible Cap (1908) and Stories (1910), attracted critical attention.

In the summer of 1910, Green was arrested for the third time and in the fall of 1911 he was exiled to the Arkhangelsk province for two years. In May 1912 he returned to St. Petersburg.

In 1912-1917, Greene worked actively, publishing about 350 stories in more than 60 publications. In 1914, he became an employee of the New Satyricon magazine.

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Due to an “inappropriate comment about the reigning monarch” that became known to the police, Green was forced to hide in Finland from the end of 1916, but, having learned about the February Revolution, he returned to Petrograd.

In the post-revolutionary years, the writer actively collaborated with Soviet publications, especially with the literary and artistic magazine “Flame,” which was edited by People’s Commissar of Education Anatoly Lunacharsky. Greene's stories and poems often appeared in it.

In 1919, Green was drafted into the Red Army, but soon became seriously ill with typhus and returned to Petrograd. Sick, without a livelihood, without housing, he was on the verge of death and turned for help to the writer Maxim Gorky, at whose petition Green was given academic rations and a room in the “House of Arts.” Here the writer worked on the novels “The Mysterious Circle” and “Treasure of the African Mountains,” as well as the story “Scarlet Sails,” the idea of which originated back in 1916.

This story, published in 1923, became the culmination of Greene's romanticism.

In the early 1920s, the writer began writing his first novel, which he called “The Shining World.” The novel was published in 1924.

Green continued to write stories - “The Loquacious Brownie”, “The Pied Piper”, “Fandango”.

In 1924, the writer left for Feodosia in Crimea, where he worked a lot and fruitfully. He created four novels (“The Golden Chain”, “Running on the Waves”, “Jessie and Morgiana”, “The Road to Nowhere”), two novellas, about forty short stories and short stories, including “Watercolor”, “The Green Lamp”, “ Commandant of the port."

In November 1930, Green moved to the small town of Old Crimea, where he began writing autobiographical essays, which later formed the chapters of “Autobiographical Tale,” the writer’s last book. The novel “Touchable,” which he began at this time, was never completed.

On July 8, 1932, the writer died. He was buried in the Old Crimean cemetery.

In 1980, a tombstone with the figure of “Running on the Waves” was installed on the grave of Alexander Green.

Alexander Green was married twice. His first wife was Vera Abramova, the daughter of a wealthy official, whom he married in 1910; they separated in 1913.

The writer married for the second time in 1921 to a 26-year-old widow, nurse Nina Mironova (after Korotkova’s first husband).

At the end of his life, Alexander Greene almost ceased to be published. He died in complete poverty and oblivion from literary organizations.

When Alexander Greene died, none of the writers who were vacationing next door in Koktebel came to say goodbye to him.

Upon learning of Green's death, several leading Soviet writers called for the publication of a collection of his works. The collection “Fantastic Novels” was published in 1934.

Since 1945, his books have not been published; in 1950, the writer was posthumously accused of “bourgeois cosmopolitanism.” Through the efforts of Konstantin Paustovsky, Yuri Olesha and other writers, Alexander Green was returned to literature in 1956.

The peak of Green's readership came during the Khrushchev "thaw". In the wake of the new romantic upsurge in the country, Alexander Green turned into one of the most published and revered Russian authors, the idol of young readers.

Today, the works of Alexander Greene have been translated into many languages, streets in many cities, mountain peaks and a star bear his name. The story “Scarlet Sails” was used to create a ballet and film of the same name, and the novel “Running on the Waves” was used to create a film of the same name. In 1970, the Greene Literary and Memorial Museum was created in Feodosia.

In 1971, the state memorial house-museum of A. S. Green was opened in Old Crimea, founded by the writer’s widow Nina Green. Since 2001, the museum has been part of the Koktebel ecological, historical and cultural reserve “Cimmeria M. A. Voloshin”.

In 1980, a museum dedicated to the writer was opened in Kirov.

In 2000, on the occasion of the 120th anniversary of the birth of Alexander Green, the Union of Writers of Russia, the administration of Kirov and the administration of the city of Slobodsky established the annual Russian Literary Prize named after Alexander Green for works for children and youth that contribute to the formation of moral principles of the younger generations and serve the education of children, adolescents and youth in line with national dignity and morality.

The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources

Childhood and adolescence

Alexander Stepanovich Green was born on August 11 (23), 1880, in the city of Slobodskaya Vyatka province. His father, S. Grinevsky, a Polish nobleman, was a participant in the January Uprising, for which he was exiled to the Tomsk province.

The future writer learned to read at the age of six. Since childhood, he was “sick” of the sea and dreamed of becoming a sailor. Several times little Sasha attempted to run away from home.

The home education of the future writer was not consistent. Unreasonable caresses were abruptly replaced by severe punishments. Sometimes the child was left to his own devices.

In 1889, Sasha entered the preparatory class of the local real school. There the nickname “Green” was “born”, which later became his literary pseudonym.

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Alexander studied poorly and, according to the memoirs of his contemporaries, was an “inveterate hooligan.”

When the young man was fifteen years old, his mother died of tuberculosis. Having married a second time, the father became estranged from his son, and young Green was forced to start an independent life.

Personal life

Despite his complex character, Alexander Green had many women. But for the first time he truly fell in love with the hereditary revolutionary Ekaterina Alexandrovna Bibergal . They met in Sevastopol in 1903. The young people were brought together by the dream of revolution. However, their relationship did not last long and almost ended the young woman’s life. Greene shot her for refusing to marry him. Fortunately, Catherine remained alive, but she never saw Alexander again.

Ekaterina Bibergal

Green's first official marriage was with a pretty girl, Vera Pavlovna Abramova, who sympathized with the revolutionaries. Their marriage lasted 7 years and then broke up in 1913, but they managed to maintain good relations.

Vera Abramova

Green married for the second time completely by accident in 1918. His wife was Maria Vladislavovna Dolidze . This marriage did not last long and broke up due to the fault, as many researchers of Greene’s work believe, of the wife, who could not withstand the complex character of her husband.

The writer's third wife was Nina Nikolaevna Mironova , whom he married in the spring of 1921. She was 14 years younger than him. Green lived with Nina Nikolaevna for 11 years. And only death broke off this rather strong union.

Alexander Green with his wife Nina

A writer's love and death in poverty

Due to his fighting nature, Alexander Green had problems creating his own family. He had several women, each of whom played a role in his life.

Personal life

In Sevastopol, Green met the revolutionary Ekaterina Alexandrovna Bibergal. In his story “The Little Committee,” Catherine is precisely described.

In a fit of violent breakup, the writer shot his lover in the chest with a small-caliber pistol. The bullet fired casually, Ekaterina remained alive. However, she did not want to give up her offender.

In 1906, Green was arrested, but not for a crime committed against Catherine, but for a political matter . Vera Pavlovna Abramova, the daughter of a wealthy St. Petersburg official, came to visit him. But since only close relatives were allowed to see prisoners, she introduced herself as his bride. Later she became the writer's first wife. They lived for seven years. Their life was difficult. They parted and then came together.

Next, Green married Maria Dolidze, but their marriage quickly broke up. The writer's next love was Nina Nikolaevna Mironova. It was to her that Green dedicated the “Scarlet Sails” extravaganza. They lived in marriage for 11 years. They both considered their life together happy.

Greene's death

Alexander Stepanovich died in Old Crimea in 1932 from stomach cancer. In his last years he lived in poverty, as he was no longer published. People received the news of his death very coldly. Writers, for example, who lived near Green, did not want to come to his funeral . On his grave, which is located in Old Crimea overlooking the sea, there is a tombstone with the figure of the heroine from “Running on the Waves.”

Thanks to Konstantin Paustovsky, Yuri Olesha and other writers, the works of Alexander Greene were returned to literature, and his books still arouse the interest of the reader. The full bibliography of the creator of “Scarlet Sails” includes more than four hundred works.

Now his books have been translated into many languages of the world, films have been made based on his works. The streets and libraries of large and small Russian cities bear the name of the writer. Various creative festivals are held in his honor.

Interesting Facts

In his youth, Green was a desperate rebel. His relations with the royal authorities were very difficult. Since the end of 1916, he was hiding from persecution in Finland. He returned to Russia only after the February Revolution.
Having become a famous writer, Greene got rid of poverty. But the money did not stay in his hands. The writer was a fan of card games and night debauchery.
In May 1932, a transfer was received from the Writers' Union addressed to the writer's wife, N. Green. The strange thing was that it was sent to the name of the “widow,” although Alexander Stepanovich was still alive. According to some reports, this happened against the backdrop of the writer’s mischief. A few days earlier, he sent a telegram with the words “Green is dead, send two hundred funerals.”
The writer's wife, Nina, was his muse. It was she who became the prototype of Assol from “Scarlet Sails”.
A minor planet was named in honor of the writer. In Riga there is Alexander Green Street. But it was named in honor of its full namesake, Alexander Stepanovich, who was also a writer.

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Bibliography

1906 – “To Italy”
1907 – “Oranges”
1907 – “Beloved”
1908 – “The Tramp”
1908 – “Two Men”
1909 – “Airship”
1909 – “Maniac”
1909 – “An Incident in Dog Street”
1910 – “In the Forest”
1910 – “Box of Soap”
1911 – “Moonlight Read”
1912 – “The Winter's Tale”
1914 – “Without an audience”
1915 – “The Lunatic Aviator”
1916 – “The Mystery of House 41”
1917 – “Bourgeois Spirit”
1918 – “Bulls in Tomatoes”
1922 – “White Fire”
1923 – “Scarlet Sails”
1924 – “The Cheerful Fellow Traveler”
1925 – “Six Matches”
1927 – “The Legend of Ferguson”
1928 – “Running on the Waves”
1933 – “Velvet Curtain”
1960 – “We sat on the shore”
1961 – “Stone Pillar Ranch”

Creative path

In 1906, Alexander Green wrote his first story. Creativity captured him, and this year became a turning point in his life. A. Green became a writer. His first story is called “The Merit of Private Panteleev.” It talked about the atrocities that were happening in the army. As a result, the work was removed from the printing house and destroyed. A. Green's next story, “The Elephant and the Pug,” suffered the same fate. The first work that reached the reader was “To Italy”. In 1907, the writer began using the pseudonym Green. Since 1908, collections of his stories began to be published. Alexander Green published 25 stories a year. The writer began to earn big money. Alexander Stepanovich wrote several stories while in exile. Initially, Alexander Green published his works only in magazines and newspapers. Books with his stories, novels and short stories began to be published a little later. His works were first published in three volumes in 1913. A year later, a new period began in the writer’s work. The style in which Alexander Green wrote became more professional. His books became deeper and their topics expanded. And the writer began to work more productively.

In the 20s, A. Green continued to write stories, but along the way he took up writing larger works. The very first novel that Alexander Stepanovich wrote was “The Shining World.” Then there were “Scarlet Sails”, “The Golden Chain”, “Running on the Waves”, “Earth and Factory”, “Road to Nowhere”, “Jesse and Morgiana”. Green did not have time to finish his last novel, entitled “Touchable.”