A very short biography (in a nutshell)
Born on July 27, 1853 in Zhitomir. Father - Galaktion Afanasyevich Korolenko (1810-1868), judge. Mother - Evelina Iosifovna. Graduated from the Rivne real school. In 1885, after repeated exile and prison, he settled in Nizhny Novgorod. In 1886 he married Evdokia Ivanovskaya. They had 4 children (two died in infancy). In 1895 he moved to St. Petersburg, and in 1900 to Poltava. He died on December 25, 1921 in Poltava at the age of 68. He was buried in the Old Cemetery of Poltava. Main works: “In Bad Society” or the version for children “Children of the Dungeon”, “The Blind Musician”, “Paradox”, “Without Language”, “Sparks” and others.
Brief biography (details)
Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko is a Russian and Ukrainian writer of the mid-19th – early 20th centuries, public figure, publicist and journalist. Born on July 27, 1853 in Zhitomir. The writer's father was a stern district judge and collegiate assessor. His mother was from Poland, which is why the writer knew the Polish language perfectly from childhood. Korolenko received his primary education at the Zhitomir gymnasium, then the family moved to Rivne, where he entered the local school.
After the death of his father, Korolenko entered the Technological Institute in St. Petersburg, which he was unable to complete due to financial difficulties. In 1874, he transferred to the landowner academy in Moscow, where he studied on a scholarship. Due to the fact that the writer participated in populist movements in his youth, he was expelled and exiled to Kronstadt. In 1877 he returned to St. Petersburg and entered the Mining Institute. Around this time, his literary career began.
Korolenko’s first short story, “Episodes from the Life of a “Seeker”,” appeared in 1879. In the spring of the same year, on suspicion of revolutionary activity, he was again expelled from the educational institution and deported to Glazov. And when in 1881 he refused the oath to Alexander III, he was exiled to Siberia for several years. The years 1885-1895 were the most fruitful for the writer. During this period, some of his best works appeared, in 1885 “In Bad Society”, in 1886 - “The Blind Musician”, and in 1895 the philosophical story “Without Language” was written. The writer was inspired by the World's Fair in Chicago.
Soon his works began to be published in foreign languages and received worldwide recognition. Until 1900, the writer lived in St. Petersburg, where he wrote several short stories. Then he settled in Poltava, where he lived until the end of his days. In recent years, he has been working on an autobiography entitled "The Story of a Contemporary." He never managed to complete the fourth volume of this work. Vladimir Korolenko died on December 25, 1921, at the age of 68.
Biography of Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko
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♡Greetings, dear friends. In touch~•♡•穏やかな黒いパレット•♡•~(Delicate Black_palette). And today I present to you the biography of a wonderful writer and person, like Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko.
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Happy reading.
(July 15 [27] 1853, Zhitomir - December 25, 1921, Poltava) - Ukrainian and Russian writer, journalist, publicist, public figure, who earned recognition for his human rights activities both during the years of tsarist power and during the Civil War and Soviet power. For his critical views, Korolenko was subjected to repression by the tsarist government. A significant part of the writer’s literary works are inspired by impressions of his childhood spent in Ukraine and his exile in Siberia.
Childhood and youth
The Zhitomir house, where V. Korolenko spent his childhood and early youth, has been a museum since 1972
Korolenko was born in Zhitomir in the family of a district judge. According to family legend, the writer’s grandfather Afanasy Yakovlevich (1781-1860) came from a Cossack family that went back to the Mirgorod Cossack colonel Ivan Korol; Grandfather’s sister Ekaterina Korolenko is the grandmother of Academician Vernadsky.
The grave of the father and younger sister of the writer V. G. Korolenko. Rivne, Ukraine
The writer’s father, stern and reserved and at the same time incorruptible and fair, Galaktion Afanasyevich Korolenko (1810-1868), who in 1858 had the rank of collegiate assessor and served as a Zhytomyr district judge, had a huge influence on the formation of his son’s worldview. Subsequently, the image of his father was captured by the writer in his famous story “In Bad Society.” The writer’s mother, Evelina Iosifovna, was Polish, and Polish was Vladimir’s native language in childhood.
Korolenko had an older brother, Yulian, a younger brother, Illarion, and two younger sisters, Maria and Evelina. The third sister, Alexandra Galaktionovna Korolenko, died on May 7, 1867 at the age of 1 year and 10 months. She was buried in Rivne.
Vladimir Korolenko began his studies at the Polish boarding school of Rykhlinsky, then studied at the Zhitomir gymnasium, and after his father was transferred for service to Rivne, he continued his secondary education at the Rivne real school, graduating after his father’s death. In 1871 he entered the St. Petersburg Institute of Technology, but due to financial difficulties he was forced to leave it and in 1874 go on a scholarship to the Petrovsky Agricultural Academy in Moscow.
Revolutionary activity and exile
Literary debut in the magazine “Slovo”, 1879, No. 7
From an early age, Korolenko joined the revolutionary populist movement. In 1876, for participating in populist student circles, he was expelled from the academy and exiled to Kronstadt under police supervision. In Kronstadt, a young man earned his living by drawing.
At the end of his exile, Korolenko returned to St. Petersburg and in 1877 entered the Mining Institute. The beginning of Korolenko’s literary activity dates back to this period. In July 1879, the St. Petersburg magazine “Slovo” published the writer’s first short story, “Episodes from the Life of a ‘Seeker’.” Korolenko originally intended this story for the magazine “Otechestvennye zapiski”, but the first attempt at writing was unsuccessful - the editor of the magazine M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin returned the manuscript to the young author with the words: “It would be nothing... but green... very green.” But in the spring of 1879, on suspicion of revolutionary activity, Korolenko was again expelled from the institute and exiled to the Glazov-Vyatka province.
On June 3, 1879, together with his brother Illarion, the writer, accompanied by gendarmes, was taken to this provincial town. The writer remained in Glazov until October, until, as a result of two complaints from Korolenko about the actions of the Vyatka administration, his punishment was tightened. On October 25, 1879, Korolenko was sent to Biserovskaya volost with the appointment of residence in Berezovsky Pochinki, where he stayed until the end of January 1880. From there, for unauthorized absence from the village of Afanasyevskoye, the writer was sent first to the Vyatka prison, and then to the Vyshnevolotsk transit prison.
From Vyshny Volochok he was sent to Siberia, but was returned from the road. On August 9, 1880, together with another batch of exiles, he arrived in Tomsk for further travel to the east. Was located on what is now the street. Pushkina, 48.
“In Tomsk we were placed in a transit prison, a large stone one-story building,” Korolenko later recalled. “But the next day a governor’s official came to the prison with the message that the Loris-Melikov High Commission, having examined our cases, decided to release several people and announce to six that they were returning to European Russia under police supervision. I was among them...”
From September 1880 to August 1881 he lived in Perm as a political exile, serving as a timekeeper and clerk on the railway. He gave private lessons to Perm students, including the daughter of a local photographer, Maria Moritsovna Geinrich, who later became the wife of D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak.
In March 1881, Korolenko refused an individual oath to the new Tsar Alexander III and on August 11, 1881 he was expelled from Perm to Siberia. He arrived in Tomsk for the second time, accompanied by two gendarmes, on September 4, 1881 and was taken to the so-called prison castle, or, as the prisoners called it, the “Containing” prison (now the rebuilt 9th building of the TPU on Arkady Ivanov Street).
He served his term of exile in Siberia in Yakutia in the Amginskaya Sloboda. Harsh living conditions did not break the writer’s will. The difficult six years of exile became the time of formation of a mature writer and provided rich material for his future works.
Literary career
V. G. Korolenko. Nizhny Novgorod, 1890s.
In 1885, Korolenko was allowed to settle in Nizhny Novgorod. The Nizhny Novgorod decade (1885-1895) was the period of the most fruitful work of Korolenko as a writer, a surge of his talent, after which the reading public throughout the Russian Empire started talking about him.
In January 1886, in Nizhny Novgorod, Vladimir Galaktionovich married Evdokia Semyonovna Ivanovskaya, whom he had known for a long time; he will live with her for the rest of his life.
In 1886, his first book, “Essays and Stories,” was published, which included the writer’s Siberian short stories. During these same years, Korolenko published his “Pavlovsk Sketches,” which were the result of repeated visits to the village of Pavlova in the Gorbatovsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod province. The work describes the plight of the artisanal metalworkers of the village, crushed by poverty.
Korolenko’s real triumph was the release of his best works - “Makar’s Dream” (1885), “In Bad Society” (1885) and “The Blind Musician” (1886). In them, Korolenko, with a deep knowledge of human psychology, takes a philosophical approach to resolving the problem of the relationship between man and society. The material for the writer was the memories of his childhood spent in Ukraine, enriched with observations, philosophical and social conclusions of a mature master who went through difficult years of exile and repression. According to the writer, the fullness and harmony of life, happiness can only be felt by overcoming one’s own egoism and taking the path of serving the people.
In the 1890s, Korolenko traveled a lot. He visits various regions of the Russian Empire (Crimea, Caucasus). In 1893, the writer attended the World Exhibition in Chicago (USA). The result of this trip was the story “Without Language” (1895). Korolenko receives recognition not only in Russia, but also abroad. His works are published in foreign languages.
For 25 years Korolenko stood at the helm of the leading St. Petersburg magazine “Russian Wealth”
In 1895-1900, Korolenko lived in St. Petersburg. He edits the magazine “Russian Wealth” (editor-in-chief since 1904). During this period, the short stories “Marusya’s Zaimka” (1899) and “Moment” (1900) were published.
In 1900, the writer settled in Poltava, where he lived until his death.
In 1905 he built a dacha on the Khatki farm, and until 1919 he spent every summer here with his family.
In the last years of his life (1906-1921), Korolenko worked on a large autobiographical work, “The History of My Contemporary,” which was supposed to summarize everything that he experienced and systematize the writer’s philosophical views. The work remained unfinished. The writer died while working on his fourth volume from pneumonia.
He was buried in Poltava at the Old Cemetery. In connection with the closure of this necropolis on August 29, 1936, the grave of V. G. Korolenko was moved to the territory of the Poltava City Garden (now it is Victory Park). The tombstone was made by Soviet sculptor Nadezhda Krandievskaya.
Quotes
Man is created for happiness, like a bird is created for flight. <…>
Man is created for happiness, but happiness is not always created for him” (“Paradox”).
“Violence feeds on obedience, like fire feeds on straw” (“The Tale of Flora, Agrippa and Menachem, son of Judah”).
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And that's all, my dears. I hope you enjoyed this biography and learned a lot about a wonderful man.
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