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- Zhavkaz in the life and work of Lermontov
The Caucasus occupies a very important place in the works of Russian writers of the 19th and 20th centuries.
Many writers decided to leave big cities (sometimes of their own free will, sometimes not), change their surroundings and look for inspiration in the Caucasus. And we can say that it was the Caucasus that influenced the works of many famous Russian writers. And especially on M.Yu. Lermontov, in whose work one can easily find the “spirit” of the Caucasus. Since childhood, the future writer has visited these parts. The reason for this is the boy’s poor health. Grandmother Elizaveta Alekseevna believed that the clean air of the Caucasus Mountains and hot springs would have a beneficial effect on him. Indeed, Lermontov not only recovered physically, but also spiritually. After all, it was at this time that he began to discover the poet in himself, and this was largely due to the beauty of the local nature. Many of the poet’s poems dedicated to nature are associated with the Caucasus. Also, according to him, it was at that time that he first fell in love with an acquaintance of one of his cousins. He admits that the image of this beautiful girl is still stored in his head. It was here, at the age of 14, that he wrote the poems “Prisoner of the Caucasus” and “Circassians”, in which the influence of A.S. Pushkin on the young poet is very noticeable. He also noted that it was in the Caucasus that he first became acquainted with the works of Pushkin, and they left a mark on his soul as strong as the views of the Caucasus Mountains. He also gets acquainted with Byron's poems and finds in them something close to him.
The next trips to the Caucasus are not so joyful. He spends two of his exiles in the Caucasus. The first reason is the poem “The Death of a Poet” about the death of Pushkin, whom Lermontov respected so much. The Tsar himself banned the verse, considering Lermontov abnormal. He is sent to Stavropol, but on the way he catches a cold, and he is sent for treatment to Pyatigorsk, where he recalls his happy childhood years. This city also influences the novel “A Hero of Our Time,” in which Lermontov inserted his notes about Pyatigorsk. Also, impressions from this link found a place in the poem “Mtsyri”. True, he wrote these works already in St. Petersburg, after his return, but it was the ideas and sketches of future plots that appeared during his stay in exile. Also in Tiflis, he meets the famous Decembrist Odoevsky, who would later become a close friend of Lermontov, and it is thanks to him that the poet begins to think about the political life of the country, he begins to worry about the same problems as the Decembrists.
In addition to his vigorous literary activity, Lermontov painted several landscapes. For example, Krestovaya Mountain (later the painting was presented to Odoevsky). Here you can see how multifaceted Lermontov’s talent is. One can see his ability to create not only a verbal picture, but also a visual one. And largely thanks to him, many years later you can see what the Caucasus looked like at that time, admire the same views that Lermontov himself once admired and was inspired by.
The second exile (the reason was participation in a duel) became a difficult test for Lermontov. He is sent to the infantry, and now he no longer feels at home in the Caucasus. He is no longer inspired by nature, local people and clean mountain air. This feeling of unhappiness can be found in the work “Valerik”. Perhaps Lermontov is oversaturated with the beauty of the Caucasus, or the whole point is in his psychological state, depression, which prevents him from again feeling the happiness that he experienced in childhood.
And it is the Caucasus that becomes Lermontov’s grave. And maybe this is for the best, because it was here that he spent the best years of his life, his childhood, and was once so happy. He dies in a duel with Martynov in July 1841. He was only 26 years old. But he leaves behind an incredible asset - his works, which continue to excite readers to this day. And we can say with confidence that the image of the Caucasus, which permeates almost all of Lermontov’s works, becomes almost an integral part of all his poems, verses and books, one of the main characters.
Report No. 2
Mikhail Yuryevich, the son of an officer, who was raised by his grandmother, was educated at home. The poet wrote his first poems at the boarding school where he later studied.
Lermontov served in the Tsar's village known to us. For writing a poem about the death of the great Pushkin, he was sent into exile. Thanks to several people, this punishment was reduced.
The Caucasus was a big part of Lermontov’s life and work; his grandmother brought him there. Lermontov was not a very sociable person, he was rather “to himself.”
Lermontov had mutual antipathies with St. Petersburg.
As a result, there was a link to the Caucasus, where Mikhail wrote several of his works, “Mtsyri,” for example. In this exile, Lermontov became even more withdrawn than he had been before. In his life a wonderful creation “Borodino” appeared, which is known to all people to this day.
The Caucasus was a home for Misha, an inspiration to which he dedicated many poems. In some prose works we can also observe a description of the nature of the Caucasus. He lived in the Caucasus from the age of 10, and in the Caucasus itself he met his tragic death. We can say that Lermontov glorified in his creations everything connected with the Caucasus.
Fortunately, our dear poet and prose writer was returned to St. Petersburg, again through the efforts of his grandmother. And this time he was completely different, sociable, the life of any company and drove all the women crazy. In exile, those works were written that, upon arrival in St. Petersburg, Lermontov published in Otechestvennye zapiski.
Some loved him, others hated him. In the life of Lermontov, as well as his muses, Pushkin, a duel took place with the son of the French ambassador. And again the link. There Lermontov was distinguished by his heroism, but received nothing according to his deserts.
Two years after his death, the poem “The Cliff,” composed shortly before the murder, was published. One of the most popular works remains “A Hero of Our Time.”
Mikhail Lermontov was not married, but, of course, he had relationships with women. He even described and sang some of them in his lyric poems. He always attracted girls with his intelligence, but some did not particularly consider him as a groom for various reasons: he was too young, or his mother did not like him. He was not accepted or understood for the person he was. Unfortunately, this is exactly what he says in one of the passages in “A Hero of Our Time.”
In the Caucasus, where the poet returns again, another fatal duel takes place with a major, who wounds Mikhail in the chest, killing him. Pushkin's replacement for that time was practically dead. Unfortunately, due to weather conditions, the doctor took a long time to travel. Many rejoiced at the death of the great writer, many were upset. But Lermontov forever remained with us in our hearts along with his works.
Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov will always remain a great memory for both adults and children, his poems and prose will remain our favorites. We will always teach them and read.
First stay in the Caucasus
The Caucasus not only played a big role in the life and work of Lermontov, but also became a fundamental theme that runs through the poet’s entire life.
Interest in the influence of the Caucasus on the poet’s work is caused by several reasons. Lermontov visited the Caucasus several times, starting from childhood. The poet was twice exiled in the Caucasus, and here his short life was tragically cut short. Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov first visited the Caucasus as a six-year-old child. Lermontov’s grandmother Elizaveta Alekseevna Arsenyeva brought her grandson to the waters in order to improve his health. The very first trip to the Caucasus left an indelible imprint on the mind of the still little Lermontov.
However, his visit to the Caucasus in 1825 was of greatest importance. At that time the poet was 11 years old. The most vivid memory of this journey is Lermontov’s first love, which the boy kept in deep secret.
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As an adult, Lermontov came to the Caucasus three times, and these trips were always made against his own will. The Caucasus was the place of Lermontov's first exile, where he was sent in 1837 for his poem “The Death of a Poet” dedicated to the death of A.S. Pushkin.
Until this moment, Lermontov's poetic abilities were known only in officer and secular circles. The poem "Death of a Poet" became extremely popular and quickly spread through the lists. When this work reached the emperor, Lermontov was arrested. The emperor himself observed the proceedings. Pushkin's friends, especially Zhukovsky, who was close to the emperor's family, as well as Lermontov's grandmother, who had connections in the world, did everything to soften Lermontov's fate. The poet was transferred to the Nizhny Novgorod Dragoon Regiment, which at that time was operating in the Caucasus. Lermontov went into exile, accompanied by increased attention from society, part of which sympathized with him, and part of which harbored enmity.
The first stay in the Caucasus lasted only a few months. Despite his short stay in the Caucasus, the poet changed greatly morally.
Finished works on a similar topic
Course work The influence of the Caucasus on Lermontov’s work 410 ₽ Abstract The influence of the Caucasus on Lermontov’s work 270 ₽ Test work The influence of the Caucasus on Lermontov’s work 210 ₽
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The first period of Lermontov's stay in the Caucasus was of exceptional significance for the work of Mikhail Yuryevich. During his stay in Pyatigorsk and Kislovodsk, Lermontov completed work on the novel “A Hero of Our Time.” This novel reflects the poet's great love for the Caucasus and the poet's personal observations.
Initially, the work existed only in the form of several separate chapters, which were published as independent stories in the journal Otechestvennye zapiski. However, soon the novel was supplemented with new chapters and was published in full, having received completeness.
The first edition of the novel sold out almost immediately. Immediately there was criticism of him. Almost everyone, with the exception of Belinsky, believed that Lermontov portrayed himself in the image of the main character of the work, and believed that such a hero could not lay claim to the role of a hero of his time. therefore, in the second edition of the novel, Lermontov in the “Preface” drew a line between Pechorin and himself, outlining the main idea of his work.
Upon returning from exile, Lermontov published many new works and became one of the most popular writers. In St. Petersburg society, Lermontov is also perceived completely differently; he is popular among lovers of heroes and celebrities. His stay in the Caucasus influenced the writing of the works “Mtsyri” and “Demon”.
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The Caucasus in the life of Lermontov
The region began to play a big role in the writer’s fate from early childhood. Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov was born a very sick child who required constant treatment. The topic of the Caucasus became so close to him because he spent a lot of time here. The poet first visited the region at the age of 4, then at 6, at 10, and then constantly came here all his life. It was on the slopes of these majestic mountains that the talented boy first felt the power of love.
Such was the fate of the poet that he had the opportunity to work in the Caucasus Mountains. In 1837, the writer was exiled to serve in the Caucasus for his work “On the Death of a Poet.” However, staying in these mountains was not a punishment for the poet; on the contrary, it gave him a new creative impetus. He had the opportunity to communicate with the local population, absorb legends and traditions, watch dances, listen to songs, participate as a guest at weddings and visit the homes of local residents. It was in exile that Lermontov's greatest works were written or begun. He returned from exile in 1838. In 1840, Lermontov was again exiled to the Caucasus mountains, where active hostilities were then taking place.
It so happened that during his life the writer visited almost all corners of this region, which is why the descriptions of different places in his works are so accurate. It was not for nothing that Lermontov said that these mountains were his homeland.
In 1841, at the age of only 26, the great writer was killed in a duel. We can say that it was just an absurd accident, because he went to a duel with a comrade named Martynov. The writer did not take it seriously and did not even think about shooting, unlike his friend.
This is how the writer’s life ended in the Caucasus. His ashes are now in the Lermontovo estate in the Penza region.
The Caucasus in the life and work of Lermontov report message
For the first time, young Mikhail was brought to the Caucasus by his grandmother Elizaveta Arsenyeva when he was 6 years old. Having visited the Caucasus for the second time, at the age of 10, Mikhail first experienced reverent feelings for a girl who was friends with his cousin. Since those days, the Caucasus has become a personal shrine for the future poet.
While receiving an education and becoming familiar with literature, Mikhail Yuryevich willingly spent all his time in the circles of secular society, enjoyed entertainment events and was willingly interested in political trends. He formed his own views and beliefs, which were reflected in his early works.
The poem “The Death of a Poet,” written in memory of Pushkin, was the reason for Lermontov’s first exile. Thanks to the efforts of the friends of the deceased poet, who were in the highest circles of society, and his grandmother’s connections, Lermontov managed to achieve some mitigation of the punishment. Thus, he was sent to serve military service in the Caucasus. This service did not last even a year, while he spent the first few months in Pyatigorsk for the purpose of improving his health on mineral waters. Under the influence of childhood memories, Lermontov rethinks his moral values. He has enough time for walks and travel, getting acquainted with local folklore and life. The novel “A Hero of Our Time” was born here.
After returning from exile, Lermontov re-enters secular society. Now his entourage mainly consists of Pushkin’s friends and literature fans. Soon “Demon” and “Mtsyri” were written. Both of these works were conceived a long time ago, even when Lermontov was studying in Moscow. The impressions he brought from the Caucasus helped him complete his plan.
His courtship with Princess Shcherbatova pitted him against his rival, the son of the French ambassador, and led to an inevitable duel. As a result, Lermontov was again sent to serve in the Caucasus.
The trip to the Caucasus also left a strong imprint on the perception of the world in Lermontov’s soul. The forced long contemplation of the endless steppe made me sad and inflamed my mood. The representatives of the Don Cossacks that we met served as prototypes for the characters in many of the poet’s works: “Hero of Our Time”, “Prisoner of the Caucasus”, “Izmail-Bey”, “Circassians”, “Aul-Bastundzhi”.
Lermontov's colleagues noted his courage and leadership qualities; they willingly followed him during military operations against the Chechens. Even veterans from among the local highlanders spoke of him with respect. Of course, among such people the poet could feel much more at home than among the false smiles and fickle disposition of secular society. Despite the dangers of military service, Lermontov’s life ended in an unexpected and fatal duel.
Today, reading Lermontov’s works, one cannot say that his views are outdated, that they are a relic of the past. Over the course of a century and a half, his poems have not lost their relevance. And although it is generally accepted that history teaches such enormous lessons for humanity that they will never be repeated, the events developing in the modern world often look exactly like those that took place during the time of Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov. The world around us changes, but people's hearts remain unchanged.
