Characteristics of Chelkash and Gavrila from Chelkash’s story table

Appearance

Chelkash

. Gregory appears in the form of a tramp and a drunkard. An aged man. In dirty clothes. Sloppy and unkempt. The smell of a body that had not been washed for a long time hit my nose. His appearance makes a repulsive impression. Cold, gray eyes. The nose is straight and predatory. The look is sharp, piercing right through. His brown mustache was constantly quivering. Movements are abrupt and jerky.

Gavrila

. A simple, country guy of about 20 years old. A Russian hero of strong build. Strong shoulders and arms. Skin tanned. Brown hair. Light blue eyes shone with kindness. The look is open and good-natured. He immediately endeared himself to his interlocutor. His image inspired confidence. He dressed modestly. All his clothes were shabby, but at the same time, he looked neat.

Attitude to freedom

At Gavrila's

The concept of freedom lies in material well-being. Only if he has money can he feel like a human being. He often imagined how he would return home, fix the collapsed household, raise his sick mother to her feet, and get married. Without money, he has no choice but to become a son-in-law to his rich father-in-law, on whom he will have to live the rest of his life.

Grishka

I never put money above all else. They flew away as quickly as they appeared. Freedom for him is a broader concept. He has no responsibility for the family with which he separated long ago, no dependence on social conventions. He doesn’t care where to live or how. Just looking at the sea, he felt absolutely free and happy. At these moments, he invariably felt how his soul was cleansed of filth and he himself seemed to be exalted above the entire world around him and its eternal vanity.

Essay by Chelkash and Gavrila

“Chelkash” is a work by Maxim Gorky, which was created in 1895. The book was written in the style of realism with slight notes of romanticism. All the characters in the story lived in harmony with the surrounding world and nature. Each character created by Gorky has his own unique worldview. Our two heroes, Chelkash and Gavrila, had their own views on the world around them, which is why their conflict occurred.

Chelkashin is a man who was not interested in anything other than drinking. He had nothing, only torn, dirty clothes and shoes. It looked unkempt and had an unpleasant smell. Chelkash was an alcoholic and behaved inappropriately. He had the look of a real predator, a dark mustache and a sharp nose.

The second character is Gavrila, the complete opposite of Chelkash. He was a strong and strong young man, whose eyes and appearance radiated kindness. He was dressed more neatly than Chelkash, wearing a light blue shirt and a worn-out hat.

One day, when Gavrila came to the tavern and got drunk there, Chelkash saw him. He saw the young man and began to think about his age. He thought with regret and remorse that at his old age he had nothing behind him. He wanted to try to change Gavril’s fate in order to prevent the young man from turning into an old drunkard like him. In this scene, the author presents Chelkash as a person who is able to think about his actions and knows how to regret.

Chelkashin really loved being near the sea. With the huge, free and power-filled blue next to him, he could feel free from all adversity. Gavrila, on the other hand, did not like freedom; it gave him a feeling of fear.

During the crime our heroes committed, they had a conflict. The young man was gripped by fear, and Chelkash became embittered at everyone. He didn’t like everything, his partner, the boats, the way everything happened. Chelkashin decided to give back his share of the stolen goods - 540 rubles, but Gavrila was overcome by strong greed. He thought that the stolen money would not be enough for him, then he confesses to Chelkash that he wants to kill him and take all the money for himself. Hearing this, Chelkash takes the money for himself, as a result of which they begin a fight for the stolen property.

In this scene, the author shows us the true characters of the heroes. It turns out that Chelkash was not so bad, he was very kind and kind-hearted, wealth was not as important to him as receiving complete freedom. Gavrila turned out to be a greedy and vile criminal who is ready to do anything, even murder, in order to get money. This man was ready to commit any crime, even the most vile, in order to get rich.

The moral of this story is quite simple - you cannot judge a person by appearance and first impression. The dirty and unkempt old man Chelkash turned out to be a kind and to some extent honest person. And Gavrila, who looked like a wonderful young man, turned out to be the ultimate scoundrel.

Common cause. The true face of every hero

Having agreed to earn some money in a dubious way, Gavrila soon regrets the hasty decision. He became cowardly and was ready to go astray without completing the work he started. Having received a small part of the amount earned, greed awakens in the guy. An uncontrollable feeling of greed made him feel weaker than his partner. He begged Chelkash to give him all the money. Unable to control his emotions, he throws a stone at him and runs away from the crime scene along with the proceeds. Fear and cowardice forced him to return to the wounded Chelkash. He asks for forgiveness, trying to atone for a low deed, but how can this cleanse the soul if it is dirty?

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Negative and positive traits of the hero

(Soviet filmstrip “Mumu”, 1949)

When solving economic issues, Gavrila is very practical. He has a wife, Ustinya Fedorovna. They live in a separate outbuilding. Taking advantage of his rights, which also relate to food, he simply provides for his family beyond measure, stealing “... tea, sugar, and other groceries” from the kitchen. In his room in the outbuilding there are forged chests, which probably contain his mistress’s things; he carefully looks after them. This character is diligent in everything, reports daily to the bored lady about the affairs in the house, and goes to her on time to report.

Compared to others, of course this hero creates a negative impression. However, even in this negative image, human soulfulness easily, barely noticeably, shines through. His experiences are deeply hidden from the reader; one can guess about them only by looking between the lines. Initially, Gavrila was entrusted with all the household affairs. He has to solve many matters alone, without asking unnecessary questions to the old lady, indulging her in everything. And not every case he manages everything smoothly and well. He is mainly responsible for the result, for order in the entire yard, and, perhaps, this is primarily for his own peace. By sacrificing the feelings of others, the butler decides the fate of the servants, often resorting to deception, but this is his role, which fate has predetermined for him.

Characteristics of Gavrila in the story “Chelkash” by Gorky, image, description

Gavrila is one of the central characters in the famous story “Chelkash” by Maxim Gorky.

This article presents a quotation image and characterization of Gavrila in the story “Chelkash” by Gorky: a description of the appearance and character of the hero.

See:

The image and characteristics of Gavrila in the story “Chelkash” by Gorky: description in quotes

Gavrila is a young poor peasant. It is known that he has an elderly mother. Gavrila’s family owns a house with a vegetable garden in the village, but this plot does not produce crops (“the land has been sucked out”).

“My father has died, my farm is small, my mother is an old woman, the land has been sucked out - what should I do? You have to live. But as? Unknown. I will go to my son-in-law in a good house. OK. If only they had singled out their daughter. No, the devil father-in-law won’t single him out. Well, I’ll break it for him. for a long time. Of the year! Look, what’s going on!”

". because he has a village somewhere there, a house in it, because a wealthy man invites him to be his son-in-law. "

“..he sighed, immediately remembering the village, the wretched farm, his mother. "

“And now there’s nothing you can do except become a son-in-law. I thought: I’ll go to Kuban, grab two hundred rubles, it’s a sabbath! master but it didn't burn out. Well, you'll go to work as a farm laborer. "

“The guy really didn’t want to become a son-in-law.”

". There was a young guy sitting in a blue motley shirt, the same trousers, bast shoes and a tattered red cap.”

“The guy was broad-shouldered, stocky, fair-haired, with a tanned and weather-beaten face and large blue eyes that looked at Chelkash trustingly and good-naturedly.”

“He immediately liked this healthy, good-natured guy with childish light eyes.”

". there is perplexed admiration on the round face. "

“This healthy country boy awakened something in him. "

". I hated him because he had such clear blue eyes, a healthy tanned face, and short strong arms. "

". in a dream he smiled at something with his whole childish, healthy, tanned face.”

". footprints of a young guy on the coastal sand. "

". with big blue eyes looking at Chelkash trustingly and good-naturedly.”

“He immediately liked this healthy, good-natured guy with childish light eyes.”

". Now I would get to my feet and - Antipas - bite me down, bite me down! Do you want to highlight Marfa? No? No need! Thank God, she’s not the only girl in the village.”

“Listen, let me go! I ask Christ, let me go! Drop me off somewhere! Ah ah ah. I completely lost it. Well, remember God, let go! What am I to you? I can't do this. I have never been in such cases. First time. God! I'll be lost! How did you, brother, bypass me? A? It's a shame for you. You’re ruining your soul!”

". Why was he so exhausted that night?” (about Gavril)

“Darling.” Give me this money! Give, for Christ's sake! What do they mean to you? After all, one night - only one night. But I need years. Give me - I will pray for you! Eternally - in three churches - about the salvation of your soul. After all, you are throwing them away. and I would go to the ground! Eh, give them to me! What's in them for you? Is Ali dear to you? One night - and rich! Do a good deed!”

- What was I thinking? We're going here. Think. I grab him - you - with an oar. raz. money - for yourself, his - to the sea. you. A?" (Gavrila about plans to get rid of Chelkash)

“But he had not taken five steps when Gavrila bent like a cat, jumped to his feet and, swinging widely in the air, threw a round stone at him, shouting angrily. "

"- Brother! Sorry. the devil is me. - Gavrila whispered tremblingly, kissing Chelkash’s hand.

Seeing Gavrila's sincere repentance, Chelkash gives him almost all the money, leaving only 100 rubles for himself. After this, the heroes part:

“Gavrila saw that Chelkash was laughing, and he felt better. He squeezed the money tightly in his hand.

- Brother! will you forgive me? Don't you want it? A? - he asked tearfully.

- Dear. - Chelkash answered him in the same tone, rising to his feet and swaying. - For what? My pleasure! Today you are me, tomorrow I am you. "

". from the insult inflicted on him by this young calf. "

". he, this child compared to him, Chelkash. "

“Hey calf, get up. - He nudged Gavrila with his foot.

“Well, you’re shy! How many times were you going to die last night?”

“And you are greedy. Not good. However, what? Peasant. - Chelkash said thoughtfully.

"On the! Eat. “he shouted, trembling with excitement, acute pity and hatred for this greedy slave.”

"And you. Oh, felt! Beggar. Is it really possible to torture yourself like that for money? Fool! Greedy devils. They don't remember themselves. You're selling yourself for a nickel. "

Apparently, after this Gavrila returns to his native village, marries the girl he loves and lives relatively comfortably.

Image

Gavrila is a real Russian hero. A broad-shouldered, stocky man with a stocky build. Fair-haired. On the round face, large, blue eyes stood out, looking trustingly and openly. The skin is tanned, weathered from constant exposure to the street.

...perplexed admiration on the round face...

...short strong arms...

...smiled at something with his whole childish, healthy, tanned face...

The guy was broad-shouldered, stocky, fair-haired, with a tanned and weather-beaten face and large blue eyes that looked at Chelkash trustingly and good-naturedly

...a healthy, good-natured guy with childish light eyes

The young man dressed simply. Cap, shirt, loose-fitting pants. There are bast shoes on my feet. The clothes are torn in some places from long wear and endless washing.

...a young guy in a blue, colorful shirt, the same pants, bast shoes and a torn red cap

Essay: Comparative characteristics of Gavrila and Chelkash (+ table)

Author: Most Green · Published 07/02/2020 · Updated 07/02/2020

(375 words) Maxim Gorky - under this pseudonym the outstanding Russian and Soviet writer Alexei Peshkov entered the history of Russian literature. His works - the autobiographical trilogy “Childhood”, “In People”, “My Universities”, the story “Old Woman Izergil”, the story “Chelkash” and many others - are included in the school curriculum. In this essay I will focus on the story “Chelkash”, namely, on the comparative characteristics of the main characters.

There are two main characters in the work: Chelkash and Gavrila. Their images are contrasted with each other and their appearance, the first impression of them. It is noteworthy that Chelkash had a prototype in reality - a certain tramp whom the writer met in the hospital. And the plot is based on a true story.

To make a comparative analysis, you should start with portraits of the heroes. M. Gorky draws the reader's attention to the appearance of the characters.

Chelkash is thin, his face is sharp, “predatory”, his nose is humpbacked and also “predatory”. Gavrila has broad shoulders and bright eyes. Already when describing his appearance, the second young man evokes more favor. However, appearances, as we know, are deceiving. And the writer remembers this. This is not an accidental detail - it is in the contrast of the external and internal that the reader will subsequently better understand the characters’ characters and the main idea of ​​the story.

Chelkash used to be a serf, but he left and became a tramp. He makes money dishonestly. Gavrila is still a peasant, but dreams of earning money to become free. Both heroes are poor. This unites them. And this pushes Gavrila to agree to help Chelkash in his next criminal plan.

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Chelkash and Gavrila comparative characteristics in the story Chelkash by Gorky

Story by A.M. Gorky's "Chelkash" was first published in 1895. The work is dedicated to the relationship between two people who were accidentally brought together by fate. The two main characters meet at the port. Chelkash, born in a village, in adulthood is characterized as a thief, tramp and smuggler. Gavrila also comes from a village. He came to the city in search of work.

From village life, Chelkash only remembers his childhood. He likes the tramp life. He considers himself a free man. He lives on odd jobs. Theft and smuggling does not bother him. Gavrila, having arrived in the city, wanted to earn money. His goal was his own house and farm in the village. The time had come for the guy to get married, but he didn’t want to live “in the primords.” For this he needed money. And the more, the better. Because only banknotes could make all his dreams of a prosperous life in the village come true.

The heroes met by chance. Chelkash’s partner fell ill, and the “business” required him to find a helper. Gavrila, who accidentally caught the eye, was involved in smuggling. Going on business, Chelkash thought about how his partner would not let him down, and Gavrila thought only about how much money he would earn. So much depended on them for him.

It is done. The accomplices divided the money they earned. And then greed began to choke Gavrila. He fell at the feet of Chelkash and began to ask him to give him all the earnings. He motivated his action by the fact that he would find a better use for them, unlike Chelkash. The smuggler and thief feel sorry for Gavril. And at the same time, he is unpleasant to Chelkash, who has never been a slave to material wealth. He throws money to the greedy peasant with contempt.

Of course, the tramp and thief Cherkash cannot have such concepts as morality and ethics. But, describing Chelkash’s decisive act, Gorky somewhat romanticizes this image.

Contrasting the images of Chelkash and Gavrila in Maxim Gorky’s work “Chelkash”

Essay on the book: “Chelkash” - Gorky M.

Maxim Gorky in his work “Chelkash” revealed 2 images to us. On the one hand they are very similar, but on the other they are completely different. It’s worth turning to each of them and trying to find what the difference is. This needs to be looked into carefully. Grishka Chelkash was an avid drunkard, a cunning thief and an old poisoned wolf. He was distinguished by old worn out trousers and had no hat. Let's add to this landscape a dirty cotton shirt with a spread, which revealed his angular and dry bones. The bones were covered with brown skin. Chelkash himself is bony, tall, and slightly stooped. Grishka was barefoot.

As for Gavrila, he is a young guy in a blue shirt. He is wearing corduroy pants, bast shoes and a tattered red cap. He himself is a stocky guy with broad shoulders. His face is tanned and weather-beaten. At first glance, most people like Gavrila. It is worth remembering the proverb, which has been tested for centuries, when a person is greeted by his clothes, but seen off by his mind. And once again we are convinced that first impressions can be deceiving. These words are correct, those who have read and understood the denouement of Maxim Gorky’s story will tell you.

Then we will see who Chelkash really is and who is Gavrila. There are a lot of differences and they are visible very clearly. First, it’s worth saying that they approach life differently. Gavrila and Grishka have completely different values ​​and moral views. Even though these heroes are both greedy, they have different attitudes towards money. Chelkash will not commit murder, unlike Gavrila. Grishka believes in the Lord and tries to live according to the rules of Christians, even though he himself is a thief. Gavrila has no moral principles as such. In order to achieve his goal, to get loot and money, Gavrila is ready to do absolutely anything. Such a person will lie, betray and even kill. This once again proves that the first impression is not always what it seems to us at first glance.

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Essay Comparative characteristics of Chelkash and Gavrila

The early works of Maxim Gorky, especially short stories, are surrounded by an atmosphere of romanticism. At the same time, they already contain revolutionary notes and Nietzsche’s idea of ​​a “superman” capable of much. Many fellow writers were confident that Alexey Peshkov, who grew up among “poor people,” “humiliated and insulted,” would write about this no worse than Gogol and Dostoevsky. On the contrary, he will be able to fill the texts with a much larger number of living details. Who else but him! But they were wrong. Gorky values ​​freedom above all else. Therefore, he is indifferent to the topic of the “little man” and his suffering. He is attracted to strong personalities who challenge society, such as his hero Grishka Chelkash.

The author believes that there is always a place for heroism, and every person can be free, and brings this truth to the reader. “Man – that sounds proud.” Peshkov’s first published story was “Makar Chudra”. And already here, in the wisdom of the old gypsy, we read about will, about the need to love life, move forward, and not stand still. Through the lips of his hero, the writer expresses contempt for the slave labor of the plowman, who spends his life “digging in the ground” and does not even have time to dig his own grave. And the whisper of waves or the sunrise in other lands does not cheer his heart.

The same thought sounds at the beginning of the story “Chelkash”. A prelude to the events and the story itself is a description of the hard work of the longshoremen in the port. They carry tons of bread to the ship in order to earn a few grams of the same bread “for their stomach.” Gorky, like his hero, feels neither pity nor sympathy for them. On the contrary, it rather expresses contempt. People fill the holds with “the products of their slave labor.” And huge ships look more majestic than people.

And here the main character appears. And you immediately feel the contrast. A bright, proud image is depicted. Grishka Chelkash is dressed very poorly, but his whole nature screams about pride and freedom. He is "an inveterate drunkard and a clever, brave thief." There is no condemnation in this description, it emanates nobility. It is worth noting that personality is partly real. Maxim Gorky, while in the hospital, met a living prototype of his future hero. Who told him the story later described in the story. Then this man, a tramp, a thief and a ragamuffin, reminded the writer of “the noble heroes of Dumas.”

Maxim Gorky, as friends, critics and researchers of his work note, generally had a special love for thieves and card sharpers. He valued their “craft” above slave labor in the field or port. These are free people, their own masters, masters of their craft. He thought this work was akin to acting talent. And when his roommate, the future hero of the story, invited him to become an accomplice, the writer was flattered and even proud.

Gregory is barefoot, a bony man in tattered clothes, with a thick and long mustache, familiar to everyone in the port. Despite his outward simplicity, he feels a powerful inner core, the strength of his personality. No wonder the author compares it with a steppe hawk. He stands out sharply among the port tramps. And even the watchman Semenych, despite the fact that he must drive the thief out of the territory, still shakes his hand and answers his questions. After all, this is a strong and dexterous person who takes away from those who have a lot, who have acquired it through the sweat, blood and hard work of ordinary people. And the hero did not choose the thief’s path because of a good life, for “fate gave him a bitter cup to drink.”

But Grishka needs a faithful accomplice. He alone still could not cope with the profitable business planned for that night. His friend Mishka was hospitalized with a broken leg, which means he needs to look for a new companion. His attention is attracted by a boy named Gavrila. Trusting and good-natured, like a calf, he awakened in Chelkash a feeling of annoyance and contempt. But there is nothing to do. He had no time to carefully choose an accomplice.

Gavrila is young, simple and even naive. Grishka easily believes that they will fish at night and make good money on it in one night. But at the same time he is a coward. He is afraid of getting into a bad business and Chelkash seems to him a dark and suspicious person. Which greatly offends Gregory. Envy of the guy's youth and health awakens in him. Chelkash “hated him because he had such clear blue eyes, a healthy tanned face, and short strong arms.” And he is outraged that he cannot properly manage this natural wealth. He was planning to go as a son-in-law to a rich house, he voluntarily climbs into bondage and does not dream of freedom. But Gavrila’s greed and pettiness quickly overcome fear and mistrust, and he agrees to the offer. And ready to go on a mysterious night fishing trip. Although he is scared to the point of tears, and he does not want to complete the matter, but only prays that the thief will let him go.

The story is built on contrast, on the juxtaposition of two images. The proud, dexterous, brave, noble adventurer Chelkash is contrasted with the cowardly, greedy, petty, low Gavrila. He, of course, will get married and build a house with this money, but it is unlikely that all this will bring him happiness.

Chelkash and Gavrila

5

(1)

In the story "Chelkash" there are two characters - Chelkash and Gavrila.

It was generally accepted that in this story Gorky romanticizes the tramp. However, the text of the story does not provide grounds for such a conclusion; Gorky rather feels sorry for him. We did not learn from the story why Chelkash’s fate turned out this way, what broke him, turned him into a tramp. There is only a vague hint of the bitter “cup that fate gave him to drink.” But one thing is obvious - his soul is alive. Re-read the part of the story where Chelkash recalls his past peasant life.

These memories inspire him; they contain so much poetry and warmth. It is clear that it was not the life of a tramp that made Chelkash so spiritually generous as we meet him on the pages of the story, that the foundations of this character were laid in his past, in his past peasant life. For Chelkash, the main thing in peasant life is freedom and independence: “You are your own master. You have your house - it’s worth nothing - but it’s yours. You have your own land - and even a handful of it - but it’s yours! You are a king on your own land! You have a face... you can demand respect from everyone.”

Chelkash’s words are a true hymn to peasant life and the land. It is here, in peasant labor, that there is true freedom. The freedom of the tramp Chelkash is illusory; every minute he can be captured and sent to jail. Despite all his external independence, he is not free and understands this. That’s why Gavrila’s words hurt him so much: “Look at yourself, what are you now without land? You won’t forget the earth, brother, like your mother for a long time.”

Eleven years of tramping separated Chelkash from his past peasant life, but it continues to excite his imagination and fills his heart with warmth. Tell us about the past life of Gregory (Chelkash). Pay attention to the feeling of deep love for the earth that colors this memory, and to the feeling of loneliness, “thrown out forever from that order of life.”

What happened to the peasantry after the revolution? How did peasants live during the years of Soviet power? Remember the works you have already studied, which tell about the transformations that took place in the village after the revolution. What was the essence of these transformations, how did they affect the life of the village, the villagers? Why did the Russian village begin to die? What works of Russian and native literature reflect the process of the death of the village? The peasant’s land no longer attracts him; people have been separated from the land, and both the people deprived of land and the land left without peasant supervision have found themselves destitute. Think about whether this statement is true. The motif of independence, will, and freedom is heard throughout the entire narrative.

The apparent freedom of the tramp is contrasted with the freedom of the independent peasant, the owner. For Gavrila, freedom is not only “being your own boss, going wherever you want, doing whatever you want, walking, doing whatever you want.” He expresses a serious thought: “Just remember God.” How do you understand these words? Can we assume that Gavrila realizes that freedom is not permissiveness, it is limited by moral standards given in religion? Did Gavrila himself violate a Christian commandment, which one? Does your religion have the same commandment? What Christian commandment does Chelkash violate? What does Chelkash mean by freedom and what does Gavrila mean?

Pay attention to the duality of feelings that Chelkash experiences for Gavrila. On the one hand, he likes this naive, trusting and good-natured guy “with clear blue eyes.” It awakens in him memories of a past life.

In what situations does Chelkash develop a “cold, angry” feeling towards Gavrila, “something like a burn” in his chest? What words of Gavrila hurt Chelkash? Is it possible to assume that the “evil, cold” feeling appeared because, looking at Gavrila, Chelkash understood how low he had fallen, engaged in theft, and then drinking away the money he easily received, that deep down he understood the justice of Gavrila’s words: “Tyomen you...", "Tea, there are a lot of people like you! staggering...", "An unnecessary person on earth"?

Gavrila is naive, trusting, pious. At first, he sincerely believed that Chelkash invited him to go fishing with him. When he realized that he was going on a dark deed,” he began to whisper the words of prayer, asking Chelkash to let him go, reproaching Chelkash: “It’s a sin for you... you’re ruining your soul! He promises, if everything ends well, to serve a prayer service to St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. However, to Chelkash’s question: “Would you do something like this again for 200 rubles?” - answers in the affirmative, despite Chelkash’s mocking remark: “Stop! How can you lose your soul?”

The sight of money changes Gavrila. Retell the scene in which Gavrila humiliatingly asks Chelkash to give him money. How does this scene make you feel? What feelings did Chelkash have for Gavrila?

It’s very easy to call Gavrila greedy, as Chelkash does. However, remember how hard the peasant got the money, what Gavrila was going to spend the money he asked from Chelkash.

How did Gavrila’s innocence and simplicity manifest itself? Let's try to understand Gavrila's feelings and explain his actions.

Excited, excited by the money he had just received, which became real wealth for him, capable of radically changing his whole life, Gavrila immediately loses it, without even realizing what happened. Did Gavrila want to kill Chelkash when he threw a stone at him? What feelings did Gavrila experience when he committed his sinful act and saw that Chelkash was lying in a pool of blood?

Think about his words: “Brother, I’m sorry! The devil is me... take the sin away from your soul.” How do you understand these words? Do you believe in Gavrila's sincere repentance? In the sincerity of his request for forgiveness?

Developing our speech Chelkash calls Gavrila a calf. Explain what the word means in this context. How do you understand the expressions “dark matter”, “you are painfully dark”? In what meaning is the word “dark” used in these phrases? What other meanings of this word do you know?

Tell us how you understand the following artistic image: “a line of longshoremen carrying bread into the bellies of ships in order to earn a few pounds of bread for themselves.” What picture does your imagination paint? Explain the expression: “a face distorted by the delight of greed.” Remember that delight usually inspires, inspires, and illuminates the face. You've probably never heard of the phrase "greed's delight." An expressive artistic image has been created here. Reveal its meaning.

Think about the meaning of the following lines: “Never in his entire life had he, Chelkasha, been beaten so painfully.” What kind of pain are we talking about? Make a comparative description of Chelkash and Gavrila.

Thus, the chosen path of understanding this story will help students think and, perhaps, even understand Gavrila’s state at the moment when he threw a stone at Chelkash, and not judge him too harshly. The proposed analysis removes any touch of romance from Chelkash, presenting him without any embellishment and suggesting that we rather feel sorry for him. And, most importantly, it forces you to seriously think about the fate of thousands of disadvantaged peasants like Gavrila, not to be rash in condemning him, to understand how difficult the life and fate of the Russian peasantry are. But this seems to fade into the background in the story.

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