“I love you, Peter’s creation...”: how the city on the Neva was founded
On May 27, 1703, Peter I founded the Peter and Paul Fortress . This date became the founding day of St. Petersburg .
Since 1700, Russia has been at war with Sweden for access to the Baltic Sea. By the summer of 1703, the lands at the mouth of the Neva had been reconquered, to protect which from the attack of the Swedes it was necessary to gain a foothold here. The captured Nyenskans fortress was considered insufficiently suitable for this; the place for the new fortress was chosen on the island of Yenisaari (from Finnish - Hare), from where the entrances to the branches of the Neva from the Gulf of Finland were clearly visible.
(16) On May 27, 1703, on Hare Island, Peter I laid the foundation for a fortress, from which the city of St. Petersburg, the first Russian port on the Baltic Sea, began. The city is named after the Apostle Peter. The construction was headed by Alexander Menshikov , the Tsar's closest assistant. It is believed that the drawing of this first earthen fortress belongs to Peter I himself, and the mathematical calculation of the plan was carried out by the French fortifier Lambert.
The fortress was built by soldiers, captured Swedes and serfs, who were sent from each province. The construction of the wood-earth fortress was completed in October 1703. This event was celebrated both in Moscow and on the banks of the Neva. However, after a severe flood, part of the earthen ramparts was destroyed. Therefore, by the middle of the 18th century, the fortress was “dressed” in stone.
The history of the life of the city begins with the history of the creation of the fortress. Initially, the fortress was called St. Petersburg, but there was also another name - Peter and Paul - after the Cathedral of Peter and Paul, located in the center of the fortress. Since 1917 it has been established as official. During the October Revolution, the fortress became the field headquarters of the Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee, which led the uprising and the capture of the Winter Palace.
In 1924, a Museum was opened in the fortress, and since 1993, the Peter and Paul Fortress has been declared a historical and cultural reserve. The bastions of the fortress are named in honor of Peter I and his closest associates, who personally supervised their construction - Gosudarev, Menshikov, Golovkin, Zotov, Trubetskoy and Naryshkin bastions.
The single architectural ensemble includes: Peter and Paul Cathedral; defensive structures; Boat House, which houses an exact copy of the boat of Peter I “Grandfather of the Russian Navy”; Mint building. The casemates of the Trubetskoy Bastion, where especially important state criminals were kept from the time of Peter the Great, and later - loners of the Secret House of the Alekseevsky Ravelin, also became the territory of the museum.
Every day, a midday cannon shot is heard from the Naryshkin Bastion, and every year on May 27, the Peter and Paul Fortress becomes the site of the solemn celebration of the City Day of St. Petersburg. This year, the honorary right to fire a shot will be given to those who today save the lives of St. Petersburg residents every day - the city’s doctors. In addition, in honor of City Day, torches will be lit on the Rostral columns.
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According to inf. Parliamentary newspaper
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