- Summary
- /
- Dostoevsky
- /
- Demons
Stepan Trofimovich is an unusual person, because although he is quite middle-aged, he still often behaves like a capricious child. He managed to be widowed twice, and therefore agrees with Varvara Petrovna Stavrigina to become both a friend and just a teacher for her son, Nikolai, to teach the boy. They live together, and soon Stepan Trofimovich becomes both a friend and a good teacher for him. Nikolai's mother almost tamed the naive Stepan Trofimovich, and he became her own invention, as she skillfully directed him.
Soon Nikolai goes to study at the Lyceum, and upon returning from there he becomes very unusual in his behavior. And there are even rumors about him as a drunkard, a frivolous young man. But then I begin to suspect that he is mentally ill. And he is sent for treatment. When he recovered, he traveled to different countries. Soon, one general’s wife, a friend of Nikolai’s mother, reports that he began to communicate closely with a girl named Lisa, which greatly worried his mother, who immediately went there.
When they return, Nikolai’s mother proposes an unequal marriage to Dasha, her pupil, with Stepan Trofimovich, although the age difference is large. In the end, it turns out that Nikolai has actually been married to a woman, Maria, for a long time. And she turns out to be a little crazy.
Read more about the summary of Dostoevsky's story Demons
Half a century after the publication of F. M. Dostoevsky’s work “Demons,” it was recognized as prophetic, a novel that foresaw everything that later happened in Russia. The whole world, Russian, Asian, and American, everyone who encountered the events taking place in “The Possessed,” said the same phrase: “Everything came true according to Dostoevsky.” This was the amazing fate of the novel.
The novel “Demons” is not only one of the most politicized works of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, but also a real religious drama. Demonicity is the highest degree of social and moral irresponsibility: demagoguery, provocateurism, historical and scenic irresponsibility. This concept is beyond temporary and repetitive.
All events take place in the provincial city, the prototype of which is Tver. All the heroes come here and the action takes place. It ends with many deaths. Murders and suicides occur. And at the very end, a local apocalypse occurs - the suicide of the main character.
Demonism is projected onto modern life, since it has many similarities. The novel “Demons” is Dostoevsky’s artistic response to nihilism, to the desire of radical youth to change the world only through violence. Dostoevsky thinks differently: for him, the root of evil is not in society, but in the soul of the individual. And until a person overcomes selfishness and self-will within himself, until he acquires the faith that gives him the strength to create and live in the world, no social harmony is possible. It is unbelief that is the main tragedy of the main character of the novel, Nikolai Stavrogin.
The story is told either on behalf of the author or from the narrator, who is a friend of Stepan Trofimych. Stepana Trofimych Verkhovensky is a former writer and traveler. At the request of the widow Varvara Petrovna Stavrogina, he becomes her son’s tutor. In the provincial town everyone is waiting for Nicholas's arrival.
Despite the fact that the main character of the novel was a very self-absorbed boy, he was prone to philosophical reasoning and sentimentality. Stepan Trofimych often cried with him. Nikolai was a military man, but he went on such a spree that he was demoted to soldier.
Having previously arrived in this city, Stavrogin literally tricked Gaganov by the nose, bit the governor’s earlobe and kissed someone else’s wife. But soon he had a fever, so everything was attributed to illness, and Nikolai went abroad.
Five years earlier, Stavrogin lived in St. Petersburg, where he married Maria Timofeevna in a bet over a bottle of wine. Lebyadkin, a graphomaniac poet, Maria’s brother, engineer Kirillov and Pyotr Verkhovensky knew about this. Nikolai rented three apartments. In one of them, he once raped an 11-year-old girl, who hanged herself as a result of such abuse. This bad story constantly tormented him. And even living and studying abroad did not help. This rather vulgar scene was cut out of the novel by censors, and was later published as a separate chapter.
In anticipation of her son, on Sunday Varvara Petrovna goes to church for mass. There he meets Lisa Tushina, a loving fan of Nikolai. And then a large company of Nikolai Stovrygin’s relatives and admirers goes to the “birdhouses” - Varvara Petrovna’s place of residence.
Wanting a better life for her son, Stovrygina dreamed of marrying him to Lisa. And for this it was necessary to somehow eliminate his pupil, the former serf Daria, with whom Nikolai was very passionate. Varvara Petrovna planned to marry her to Stepan Trofimych, completely disregarding the 25-year age difference.
Upon arrival, the main character receives a slap in the face from Ivan Shatov, who accuses him of deception. Stavrogin, taking him by the shoulders, suddenly suddenly lets go of his hands and steps back. Lisa faints and, waking up, leaves with her fiancé.
8 days pass. Nikolai Stavrogin, not receiving anyone, sits alone. But Verkhovensky comes and informs about who he needs to visit. In the rain, Nikolai goes to the house where Kirillov and Shatov live. After talking with the first one, he learned the idea that by killing yourself, you can become God.
Next, Stavrogin goes to visit the Lebyadkins. The initial conversation with the brother-in-law allows him to enter Maria Timofeevna's room. But after talking with her, Nikolai quickly leaves, believing that she has lost her mind.
The next day, a duel takes place between Stavrogin and Gaganov’s son. Stavrogin shoots in the air, not planning a murder at all. After this event, many began to respect Nicholas.
At this time, some strange things are happening in the city. Fedka the convict stole precious stones from the icon, and Peter Verkhovensky threw a mouse there. During the service in front of this icon, mass donations begin. In addition, the workers at the factory are raging, and the 25-year friendship of Varvara Petrovna and Stepan Trofimych ends due to the latter’s refusal to marry Daria.
All events predict impending disaster. Stavrogin joins a revolutionary circle that puts forward the idea of dividing society into 90 and 10%. The fewest number are given the role of managers of the majority. Shatov is also noticed in this circle, whom Stavrogin warns about murder and advises to be careful.
An inventory of the apartment of Stepan Trofimych takes place, who, perplexed, comes to the governor’s wife. But she does not give an explanation for what is happening, since in the city during the governor’s ball the Lebyadkins are stabbed to death and a fire breaks out. During the stampede, Liza Tushina dies. And soon Stepan Trofimych also dies, leaving the city and leaving, completely unaware of his path.
The series of senseless deaths continues. Fedka the convict is stabbed to death, Ivan Shatov is killed, and his corpse is thrown into the lake. Sensing something bad, Ivan’s wife dies, having given birth to a son the day before.
Nikolai Stavrogin left after the fire and lived in the stationmaster's house. He writes a letter to Daria, inviting her to live together. Arriving with his mother at Nikolai's address, they find him hanged.
A life novel that teaches how to overcome life’s hardships and pain, moral rethinking and purification. It is worth reading Dostoevsky’s “Demons” carefully and consciously.
Rate this piece:
- 3.1
Votes: 42
Read summary Demons.
Brief retelling. For a reader's diary, take 5-6 sentences
How to write a term paper on speech therapy
07.09.2010 229204
These guidelines are compiled to help students gain an understanding of the content and structure of coursework in speech therapy.
Logopedia of pedagogical science that studies anomalies of speech development with normal hearing, explores the manifestations, nature and mechanisms of speech disorders, develops the scientific basis for overcoming and preventing them means of special training and education.
The subject of speech therapy as a science is speech disorders and the process of training and education of persons with speech disorders.
The object of study is a person suffering from a speech disorder.
The main task of speech therapy as a science is the study, prevention and elimination of various types of speech disorders.
Coursework in speech therapy is a student's scientific and experimental research. This type of educational activity, provided for by the educational and professional program and curriculum, contributes to the acquisition of skills in working with literature, analyzing and summarizing literary sources in order to determine the range of insufficiently studied problems, determining the content and methods of experimental research, processing skills and qualitative analysis of the results obtained. The need to complete coursework in speech therapy is due to the updating of knowledge concerning the content, organization, principles, methods and techniques of speech therapy work.
As a rule, during their studies, students must write two term papers - theoretical and practical.
The first course work should be devoted to the analysis and synthesis of general and specialized literature on the chosen topic. Based on this analysis, it is necessary to justify and develop a method of ascertaining (diagnostic) experiment.
In the second course work, it is necessary to provide an analysis of the results obtained during the ascertaining experiment, as well as determine the directions and content of speech therapy work, and select adequate methods and techniques of correction.
So, let’s present the general requirements for the content and design of coursework in speech therapy.
The initial and most important stage of working on a course project is the choice of a topic, which is either proposed by the supervisor or chosen by the student independently from a list of topics that are consistent with the areas of scientific research of the department.
Each topic can be modified, considered in different aspects, but taking into account a theoretical and practical approach. Having chosen a topic, the student needs to think through in detail its specific content, areas of work, practical material, etc., which should be reflected both in the formulation of the topic and in the further construction of the study. It should be recalled that the chosen topic may not only have a purely theoretical orientation, for example: “Dysarthria. Characteristics of the defect”, “Classification of dysgraphia”, but also take into account the practical significance of the problem under consideration, for example: “Speech therapy work on speech correction for dysarthria”. It should also be taken into account that when formulating a topic, excessive detail should be avoided, for example: “Formation of prosodic components of speech in preschoolers of the sixth year of life attending a preschool institution for children with severe speech impairments.”
The course work includes such mandatory parts as: introduction, three chapters, conclusion, bibliography and appendix.
The text of the term paper begins with the title page . An example of its design can be seen here.
Then the content of the work is given, in which the names of chapters, paragraphs, and sections are formulated in strict accordance with the content of the thesis. An example of its design can be seen here.
In the text, each subsequent chapter and paragraph begins on a new page. At the end of each chapter, the materials are summarized and conclusions are formulated.
The introduction reveals the relevance of the problem under consideration in general and the topic being studied in particular; the problem, subject, object, and purpose of the study are defined. In accordance with the goal and hypothesis, objectives and a set of research methods aimed at achieving the objectives must be defined.
The relevance of the topic lies in reflecting the current level of pedagogical science and practice, meeting the requirements of novelty and usefulness.
When defining the research problem, it is important to indicate what practical tasks it will help to implement in training and educating people with speech pathology.
The object of research is understood as certain aspects of pedagogical reality, perceived through a system of theoretical and practical knowledge. The ultimate goal of any research is to improve this object.
The subject of research is some part, property, element of an object, i.e. the subject of research always indicates a specific aspect of the object that is to be studied and about which the researcher wants to gain new knowledge. An object is a part of an object.
You can give an example of the formulation of the object, subject and problem of research:
– The object of the study is the speech activity of preschool children with phonetic-phonemic speech disorders.
– The subject of the study is the features of intonation speech of children with phonetic-phonemic speech disorders.
– The research problem is to determine effective directions for speech therapy work on the formation of intonation expressiveness of speech in the system of correctional intervention.
The purpose of the study contributes to the specification of the object being studied. The goal of any research is to solve a specific problem. The goal is specified in tasks taking into account the subject of research.
The research objectives are formulated in a certain sequence, which determines the logic of the research. The research objectives are set on the basis of a theoretical analysis of the problem and an assessment of the state of its solution in practice.
The first chapter is an analysis of literary sources, which examines the state of this problem in historical and modern aspects, and presents the most important theoretical principles that formed the basis of the study.
When writing the first chapter, you should pay attention to the fact that the text of the course work must be written in a scientific style. When presenting scientific material, it is necessary to comply with the following requirements:
– Specificity – a review of only those sources that are necessary to disclose only a given topic or solve only a given problem;
– Clarity – which is characterized by semantic coherence and integrity of individual parts of the text;
– Logicality – which provides for a certain structure of presentation of the material;
– Reasoning – evidence of thoughts (why this and not otherwise);
– Precision of wording, excluding ambiguous interpretation of the authors’ statements.
A literary review of the state of the problem being studied should not be reduced to a consistent presentation of literary sources. It should present a generalized description of the literature: highlight the main directions (currents, concepts, points of view), analyze in detail and evaluate the most fundamental works of representatives of these directions.
When writing a work, the student must correctly use literary materials, make references to the authors and sources from which the results of scientific research are borrowed. Failure to provide required references will reduce your coursework grade.
As a rule, in coursework on speech therapy, references to literary sources are formatted as follows: the number of the cited source in the general list of references is placed in square brackets. For example: General speech underdevelopment is a speech pathology in which there is a persistent lag in the formation of all components of the language system: phonetics, vocabulary and grammar [17].
When using quotations, in square brackets, in addition to indicating the source number, the page number from which this excerpt is taken is indicated, for example: Speech rhythm is based on a physiological and intellectual basis, since, firstly, it is directly related to the rhythm of breathing. Secondly, being an element that performs a communicative function, “correlates with meaning, i.e. controlled intellectually” [23, P.40].
However, course work should not be of a purely abstract nature, so you should not abuse the unreasonable abundance of citations. Quoting should be logically justified, convincing and used only when really necessary.
In the second chapter , devoted to experimental research, the organization should be described and the program of the ascertaining experiment should be presented. The survey methodology, as a rule, consists of a description of several series of tasks, with detailed instructions, visual and lexical material, the procedure for completing tasks by experiment participants, and scoring criteria. This chapter also provides a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the results obtained.
When analyzing the results of an experiment, it is necessary to use a scoring system. Examples of various criteria for quantitative and qualitative assessment are presented in the following works:
– Glukhov V.P. Formation of coherent speech in preschool children with general speech underdevelopment. - M.: Arkti, 2002. - 144 p.
– Fotekova T.A. Test methodology for diagnosing oral speech of primary schoolchildren. - M.: Arkti, 2000. - 56 p.
– Levchenko I.Yu. Pathopsychology: Theory and practice. - M.: Academy, 2000. - 232 p.
In order to visually present the results obtained during the experimental study, it is recommended to use tables, graphs, diagrams, etc. Histograms can be used in a variety of ways - columnar, cylindrical, planar, volumetric, etc. An example of the design of tables, figures, and histograms can be found here.
The third chapter provides a rationale for the proposed methods and techniques and reveals the content of the main stages of correctional work.
The conclusion contains a summary of the material presented and the main conclusions formulated by the author.
The bibliography must contain at least 25 sources. The list includes bibliographic information about the sources used in preparing the work. An example of its design can be seen here.
In the application you can present bulky tables or illustrations, examination protocols, observation records, products of activity (drawings, written works of children), notes from speech therapy classes, etc.
The volume of one course work must be at least 30 pages of typewritten text.
In general, coursework in speech therapy is the basis for a future thesis, in which the study of the begun problem can be continued, but from the standpoint of a different approach or a comparative analysis of the disorders being studied in different age categories of people with different types of speech disorders.
The content and format of theses in speech therapy can be found here.
Literature:
1. How to write a term paper on speech therapy: Methodological recommendations. Educational and methodological manual / Comp. Artemova E.E., Tishina L.A. / Ed. Orlova O.S. – M.: MGOPU, 2008. – 35 p.
2. Research work of students in the system of higher professional pedagogical education (specialty 031800 - Speech therapy). Methodological recommendations for completing the thesis / Compiled by. L.V. Lopatina, V.I. Lipakova, G.G. Golubeva. - St. Petersburg: Publishing house of the Russian State Pedagogical University named after. A. I. Herzen, 2002. - 140 p.
Dostoevsky. Brief summaries of works
- Poor people
- White Nights
- Demons
- Brothers Karamazov
- Double
- Uncle's dream
- Notes from the House of the Dead
- Notes from the Underground
- Player
- Idiot
- Meek
- Boy at Christ's Christmas tree
- Boys
- Netochka Nezvanova
- Teenager
- Crime and Punishment
- Crime and punishment by chapters and parts
- The village of Stepanchikovo and its inhabitants
- Bad joke
- Humiliated and Offended
- Epilogue Crimes and Punishments
Popular retellings today
- Resurrection - a summary of Tolstoy’s novel
Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy’s novel “Resurrection” tells the story of prisoner Ekaterina Mikhailovna Maslova and Prince Dmitry Ivanovich Nekhlyudov. Ekaterina Maslova - daughter of a passing gypsy - The Blue Snake - a summary of Bazhov's fairy tale
In ancient times, when the treasures of the Ural mountains lay close to the surface, there were tales about the guardians of precious stones. The blue snake also guarded the treasures; she did not allow greedy and greedy people to get to them - Village - a summary of Bunin's story
In the small Russian village of Durnovka lived two Krasov brothers - Tikhon and Kuzma. At first they were engaged in small trade. But this did not last long, as the brothers once had a serious quarrel. Everyone decided to live independently. - Winter hut of animals - summary of the tale
A bull wandered around the world in search of a winter home. He met a ram who was traveling for the same purpose. Then they decided to live together, because it was more fun and friendly. Then a pig met the cattle
