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- Lomonosov
Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov was a native of the village of Denisovka, Arkhangelsk province.
His date of birth was November 19, 1711. A boy was born into a simple peasant family. The father was a wealthy owner. He was fond of fishing. Father often took Mikhail with him on voyages. It was there that the boy first began to think seriously about the laws of nature and existence. Here the foundation for his future research in various fields of science and technology was laid. Mikhail was very observant and curious. Since childhood, he has been interested in such questions as: where do the northern lights come from, what is the physical composition of the ice floe, what factors influence weather changes and other problems. Mikhail's mother was a fairly educated woman. From early childhood she taught him to read books and write. The boy read a lot with great enthusiasm. Every day Lomonosov's thirst for knowledge grew. Mikhail realized early on that he wanted to do science. In the outback, the young man could not develop further and he decides to go to Moscow.
He was barely 19 years old when he made the final decision to get to Moscow. He had a huge, difficult journey of several thousand kilometers ahead of him. Despite the great distance, Lomonosov survived all the hardships and obstacles and in 1731 he entered the Moscow Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy.
Less than five years later, Mikhail mastered the foundation of all sciences and finally decided to devote his life to research and experiments. After graduating from the academy, the young man was sent as the best student to study in Germany.
For five years in Germany, Lomonosov studied the exact sciences and humanities. I always tried to deeply understand the disciplines and listen carefully to the lectures of famous scientists.
All this allowed me to build theories myself in the future. When Mikhail returned to his native land after studying in Germany, he was offered to take a small position at the Academy of Sciences. Over the next four years, the scientist begins to teach students through lectures. In addition, the scientist spends most of his time doing research in the fields of chemistry and physics.
Mikhail Vasilyevich has been working on research in various fields of science for a long time and his scientific works have been recognized by leading Russian and foreign scientists.
Lomonosov became the founder of a laboratory in the field of chemistry, which was created according to his sketches. At the chemical laboratory, Lomonosov studied the features and characteristics of various minerals and ores. Mikhail Vasilievich conducted high-precision experimental experiments.
The scientist made a huge contribution to the formation of the Russian scientific language. He focused his activities on systematizing terminology and developing new scientific categories. At the same time, he tried mainly to use the Russian language and limit the use of foreign terms in order to develop his native language and domestic science in this direction.
Lomonosov always pointed to the richness of his native language and therefore, first of all, spoke about the widespread use of the national vocabulary wealth of the Russian language on the basis of giving words and their combinations the latest terminological meanings.
The luminary of science Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov became the founder of the great Russian scientific language.
In addition, the scientist laid the foundation of the Russian literary and artistic language. In 1758, Lomonosov created a great work called “Russian Grammar”. The provisions of the publication covered all the achievements of the scientist in the field of development of the Russian language. The scientist is also famous for his outstanding achievements in the field of literature, which for many years have delighted and continue to delight scientists and ordinary people. The works received recognition among great poets and writers.
Lomonosov's solemn odes were extremely popular at court. They were praised by Empress Elizaveta Petrovna herself. Thanks to this, he was able to bring his most cherished projects to life. One of these cherished ideas was the desire to open a university in Russia, where all worthy young people would receive an education. With the support of Count Shuvalov, this project was approved by the Empress.
Thus, it should be noted that the contribution of Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov to the development of Russian science and literature is invaluable and for many, many centuries people will be grateful to him for the discoveries that he made.
Report about Lomonosov message
In the late autumn of 1711, in a village near Arkhangelsk, the Lomonosov family gave the world a son, who would later become the greatest man in the country.
The future scientist spent his childhood in the harsh conditions of the small island where their family lived. Mikhail's mother, Elena Ivanovna, who was literate, taught her son to read and write. A cruel illness took her from life early, and the boy was left without a mother.
Vasily Dorofeevich, Mikhail's father, was engaged in fishing. He had his own seaworthy vessel, and often took his son to sea. The boy became physically stronger in such campaigns; he became a strong and healthy young man. Inquisitive since childhood, on such sea voyages he observed natural phenomena with interest.
After the death of his mother, Mikhail ran to his neighbor Shubin, who took up his education, and by the age of twelve, the boy wrote competently and read a lot. His father’s new wife was against Mikhail’s passion for books, she tried to overload him with housework, the guy constantly had to do something around the house. The thirst for knowledge forced Mikhail to leave his father's house and go to Moscow. Lomonosov always studied with eagerness and diligence, absorbing knowledge like a sponge. He studied various disciplines and was successful in all of them.
A serious attitude to study and a scrupulous study of sciences made Mikhail Vasilyevich, a simple Russian boy from a peasant family, the greatest man of the era. Lomonosov was engaged not only in science, but also in creativity. A comprehensively developed personality, he was talented in absolutely everything. Mikhail Vasilyevich made many inventions and discoveries. He devoted his entire life to science, and all his life he sought to educate the people, and strived to ensure that all children received an education.
Mikhail Lomonosov died at the age of 55.
3, 4, 5, 7, 9 grades, literature. The world around us briefly
Departure to Moscow
The young guy always helped his father in the fields, because he did not want to return home to his second stepmother. Soon dad decided to marry his son, but Mikhail was categorically against this event. Citing illness, he persuaded his father to postpone the wedding, and he himself came up with an escape plan. The life and work of M. V. Lomonosov is eventful, but the trip to Moscow is the most famous and defining.
In 1730, along with a caravan, the future outstanding scientist left his native place and went alone to the largest city in the country. He chose Moscow for personal reasons, and he was right. This event can be called an escape, since no one even knew about the possibility of such an act. Mikhail Lomonosov managed to take with him some clothes and his favorite books. He was able to catch up with the caravan only a few days later, and then they moved together. After three weeks of an exhausting journey, Mikhail arrived at his destination, and from here Lomonosov’s work originates.
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Biography of Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov
The writer's childhood and youth
Lomonosov was born on November 8 (19), 1711 in the village of Mishaninskaya-Kurostravskaya volost (now the village of Lomonosovo, Arkhangelsk region). The boy grew up and was brought up as the only child in the wealthy family of Vasily Dorofeevich, a Pomor with a reputation as a merchant who fished on his own ships.
According to Mikhail's recollections, his father was a kind, but extremely uneducated man. When the gifted boy was 9 years old, his mother Elena Ivanovna died. After the death of his wife, Vasily Dorofeevich tried to build happiness with a certain Feodora Mikhailovna Uskova. But this mistress suffered the same fate: Fedora died in 1724, three years after their wedding.
In the same 1724, Lomonosov Sr. married for the third time the widowed Irina Semenovna Korelskaya, who appeared to 13-year-old Mikhail under the guise of an evil and envious stepmother, poisoning the life of her stepson.
They say that Mikhail helped Vasily Lomonosov fish for ten years. Father and son took woven nets before dawn and set off for the White Sea. Mikhail loved to swim through the endless expanses of water, admire the blue ocean waves, the beauty of blue ice and the distant coast. And all the dangers he encountered along the way, on the contrary, hardened the young man’s physical strength. Numerous observations of Lomonosov enriched his thoughts about the structure of nature.
It is known that Mikhail Vasilyevich was fond of reading books from an early age. Local sexton S.N. Sabelnikov began reading and writing for young Lomonosov, who taught the young man algebra and grammar and introduced him to the wonderful world of literature. At the age of 14, Michael was a good reader, so he went through various textbooks day and night. We can say that he eagerly devoured one book after another, trying to add new information to his knowledge base.
Many people know from their school days the legend that Mikhail, thirsting for new discoveries, went on foot to Moscow to get a decent education. The reason for such an unusual action was the unbearable existence in his homeland, namely endless conflicts with Irina Semyonovna.
The stepmother did not like the fact that Michael spent all his free time flipping through the pages of books. In addition, Vasily Dorofeevich wanted to marry his offspring, so he secretly found a bride for him. Having learned about his father’s plan, Lomonosov resorted to a trick: the young man fell into bed, pretending to be sick, so that the wedding ceremony had to be postponed until he “recovered.”
Burdened with the burden of life, Lomonosov, without hesitation, collects his things (two shirts, a coat and several books), waits for night and, without saying goodbye to his stepmother or father, secretly leaves home. On the third day of walking, in December 1730, a young man met a caravan and asked the fishermen for permission to join them on a long journey. After three weeks of wandering through snowdrifts, Mikhail Vasilyevich arrived in the capital in January 1731. The approximate distance from his native village to the heart of Russia was 1160 kilometers.
Scientists are still arguing, as some believe that a 19-year-old would not be able to walk such a distance, certainly not in winter. However, the fact that Lomonosov traveled on a fishing cart means that the young man often switched between relaxing on the cart and walking. According to another version, Mikhail Vasilyevich rode most of the way on horseback. Lomonosov wanted to become a student at the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy, and in order to realize this idea, he forged documents and for some time became the rector of a descendant of a nobleman from Kholmogory.
Mikhail stayed in the educational institution for five years, during which he studied Latin, theological books and became acquainted with the “then” science. According to the scientist’s recollections, fellow students laughed at him at the academy because Lomonosov was poorly dressed (he was content with one bag a day). In 1735, Mikhail Vasilyevich was enrolled in St. Petersburg University at the Academy of Sciences, where he studied the fundamentals of mathematics and physics and tried to write poetry.
A year later, in March, by decision of the Academy of Sciences, Mikhail Vasilyevich and twelve other capable university students were sent to study in Europe. Lomonosov spent five years abroad, but the youth constantly faced problems. The educational institution delayed the transfer of money, so many students had to live on borrowed money. First, Mikhail Vasilyevich studied in Marburg, and then moved to Freiberg (Germany).
There Lomonosov met his mentor Henkel, who taught his student metallurgy and mining. In 1739, a conflict arose between Mikhail Vasilyevich and mineralogist I. Henkel. The bone of disagreement was the young scientist’s refusal to do the rough work. The tension between the teacher and students grew at the speed of light, reaching the point that John refused to give his “subordinates” money for maintenance. In 1740, Michael, taking scales with weights, left Freiberg once and for all.
St. Petersburg Academy
M.V. Lomonosov arrived at the Imperial Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg at a time when it had entered its second decade of activity. This is an already established scientific institution with a significant staff for its time. All leading scientific disciplines of our time were represented at the Academy.
Despite the lengthy correspondence about the arrival of new students from Moscow, the Academy of Sciences did not care about their accommodation. In the first days of their stay in St. Petersburg, Lomonosov and his companions settled in the Academy of Sciences; later they moved to a stone building rented by the Academy from the Novgorod diocese on the 1st line of Vasilievsky Island, not far from the Neva. Z
Lomonosov lived here for almost six months before leaving for Germany. According to reports on expenses for February-April 1736, spent on the needs of students, one can imagine their modest life in St. Petersburg. Simple wooden beds with mattresses, a small table and chair for each, as well as three wardrobes and three bookcases for everyone were purchased for them. They were provided with the necessary clothing, shoes, bed linen, etc.
The position of Lomonosov and his comrades in the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences was at first very uncertain: they were not enrolled in either the Academic Gymnasium or the Academic University. The different levels of knowledge of students at Spassky schools did not allow them to form a single class at the Academic University. One of the main gaps in their education was that they did not know German, which was the common language in the Academy at that time. Their studies began with learning German, which was taught to them daily by their teacher Christian Hermann.
Despite the poor living conditions, the inquisitive student Lomonosov showed interest in science from the first days of his admission to the Academy. Under the guidance of V. E. Adodurov, he began to study mathematics; under the guidance of Professor G.V. Kraft, he became acquainted with experimental physics and independently studied versification. According to early biographers, during this short period of study at the St. Petersburg Academy, Lomonosov “heard the rudiments of philosophy and mathematics and devoted himself to them with great readiness, meanwhile studying poetry, but not one of his last works was published.” Remarkable aptitude for experimental physics, chemistry and mineralogy.
In 1735, a Russian Assembly was established at the Academy to develop the foundations of the Russian language. Lomonosov, who received a fairly good grammatical and poetic education at the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy, probably became interested in the activities of the Russian Assembly.
Lomonosov's serious attitude to scientific activity distinguished him from the general mass of students of Spassky schools who came to St. Petersburg. At the Academy of Sciences, the inquisitive and hardworking Pomor became acquainted with a new science, completely different from the disciplines of medieval scholasticism taught at the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy. In the classrooms and workshops of the Academy of Sciences, Lomonosov was able to see the latest equipment and tools for scientific research, and in the academic store he could get acquainted with newly published books and journals. Even then, Lomonosov began to study European languages, making notes in the margins of books in French and German.
Personal life
Beginning in the autumn of 1736, Lomonosov rented a room from the widow of a Marburg brewer. The owner’s 19-year-old daughter, Elizaveta Zilch, who was expecting a child from Mikhail Vasilyevich, also lived there. The lovers married in Marburg on May 26, 1740. The scientist's first daughter, Ekaterina-Elizaveta, was born out of wedlock and was therefore considered illegitimate. The girl died in 1743.
On December 22, 1741, Mikhail Lomonosov again became a father. His wife gave the servant of science a son, who was named Ivan. In 1742, a one-year-old boy also died. In 1749, a girl, Elena, was born into the Lomonosov family, who was the only surviving child. Thus, Mikhail Vasilyevich left no descendants who could continue the Lomonosov family (the scientist had no sons).
