Old and new owners of the cherry orchard. (Based on A.P. Chekhov’s play “The Cherry Orchard”)

Old and new owners of the cherry orchard. (Based on A.P. Chekhov’s play “The Cherry Orchard”)

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Introduction:

The external plot of the play by A.P. Chekhov's "The Cherry Orchard" serves as a sale for the debts of the Ranevskaya estate, the end of the existing way of life of the noble family. A beautiful garden, against the backdrop of which are depicted heroes who do not understand what is happening, or understand them very wrongly, are associated with the fate of several generations - the past, present and future of Russia.

The philosophical content of the play lies in the farewell of a new, young, tomorrow's country from the past, obsolete. We can say that the entire performance of “The Cherry Orchard” is aimed at the future of the Motherland.

The past, present and future in the play are personified by the characters of The Cherry Orchard. Each of them lives in the present, but for some this is the last stage of their life’s journey (the path that Russia is following). This is Ranevskaya, her brother Gaev, their faithful old servant Firs. For these heroes, the best is in the past. For others (Anya, Petya Trofimov) this is only the beginning of a wonderful future, a new life, with new goals, new happiness, a new country.

In the play, the return from the present to the past is associated not only with some characters, but also with many details of the work. The old stones remind us of antiquity, a hundred-year-old closet and a cherry tree, which they don’t know what to do with now, but forty to fifty years ago they brought in a lot of income... In addition, the play mentions that her husband died six years ago, and her son Ranevskoy drowned, the blind spruce mumbles for three years, etc.

From the present to the future in the Cherry Orchard, the road opens only for Anya, Varya, Petya and Lopakhin. “Yes, time is running out,” Lopakhin himself notes.

So, “The Cherry Orchard” is a play about the past, present and future of Russia. The future appears before us in the form of a beautiful garden. “All of Russia is our garden,” Trofimov says in the second act, and in the last act Anya says: “We will plant a new garden, more luxurious than this one.”

In general, the image of the cherry orchard plays a large, multifaceted role in the play. First of all, it is a symbol of the passing old life, a dead noble culture. “Owning living souls - because it has degenerated all of you who lived before and are now living, so your mother, you, uncle no longer notice that you live in debt, at the expense of others, at the expense of those people whom you do not bear let go of the front... It’s so clear that in order to start living in the present, we must first atone for our past, put an end to it,” says Petya Trofimov in his monologue.

It seems to me that the idea of ​​the play lies precisely in these words. The end of the past is its main meaning. Thanks to this, the motif of the proximity of happiness appears in The Cherry Orchard. Addressing Anya, Trofimov calls her to the beauty of the future: “I foresee happiness, Anya, I already see it... Here it is, happiness, here it is, coming closer and closer, I can already hear its steps. And if we don’t see him, don’t recognize him, then what’s the harm? Others will see it!

Who is to blame for the death of the cherry orchard?

The Cherry Orchard is the last and one of the most famous plays by Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. It was first shown to audiences in 1904 and since then has not left the theater stage around the world.

In his play, Chekhov depicted an important period in Russian history. After the abolition of serfdom, the Russian nobility gradually began to die out to become a thing of the past. He was replaced by a new generation of people with new principles and views on life, values ​​that are very different from the nobility.

The focus of the work is the image of a cherry orchard, personifying noble Rus'. Throughout the play, the question is resolved: will Ranevskaya and Gaev be able to preserve this beautiful garden or will it be cut down according to Lopakhin’s design?

Landowner Ranevskaya and her brother Gaev love their house very much, which is being sold for debts. Throughout the play, they only talked about the need to save the cherry orchard, but they did not actually raise a finger to achieve this.

Ranevskaya is frivolous and helpless in everyday affairs. She takes it all by chance or relies on others to solve everyday problems. The heroine understands what she is doing wrong: sins, waste of money. She is used to living luxuriously, denying herself nothing, and now she cannot and does not want to change anything.

The cherry orchard of Ranevskaya roads as a memory of childhood and youth, as a symbol of the Motherland, a symbol of the nobility. She doesn't want to understand the seriousness of the changes. Ranevskaya does not believe that she can lose the garden. Because of sentimentality, she does not listen to Lopakhin’s advice on renting a garden for summer residents: “Dachas and dachas - that’s how it happens.” The heroine thinks that everything will form by itself

Ranevskaya's brother, Gaev, considers himself a liberal and says that he suffered for his beliefs. This hero is very worried about the sale of the estate. To hide this, he is "protected" by absent-minded behavior and words such as "Who?", "From the ball to the right to the corner." Gaev is an idealist and romantic, completely unsuitable for life, especially in new conditions.

He makes unrealistic plans to save the cherry orchard: what if someone leaves them an inheritance, what if Anya marries a rich man, what if an aunt from Yaroslavl gives them money? But he did nothing to actually save his property. We understand that Gaev is not capable of this - he has neither the willpower nor the power to support his “homeland”.

Lopakhin, a wealthy merchant who owes a lot to Lyubov Andreevna, helps save the Ranevsky cherry orchard. He invites her to divide the garden into plots and rent it out for a summer cottage. But to do this you need to cut down all the trees! For Lopakhin this is in the order of things; he does not experience any nostalgic feelings about the cherry orchard; this is not his past. Ermolai Alekseevich only notices that the garden is “big”.

In the end, seeing that Ranevskaya did not want to save her estate, Lopakhin bought it. The moment of the hero’s triumph comes: he, the son of a peasant, “the illiterate Ermolai,” becomes the owner of a noble estate, where his “father and grandfather were slaves”! At this moment, Lopakhin no longer thinks about the feelings of the former owners of the cherry orchard, he is happy, he laughs and rejoices.

Thus, Chekhov shows how gradually other people become masters of Russia: poorly educated, but tenacious, hardworking and purposeful. They are alien to the noble culture and worldview. They instill their orders and values. It seems to me that the playwright writes about this with regret and longing.

Young people living on the estate's territory were able to save the cherry orchard - Ranevskaya's daughter Anya, student Petya Trofimova. These heroes are young, full of strength and energy, but they are passionate about completely different ideas - to transform the whole world, to create a wonderful future for all humanity. What an old cherry orchard I am! For Anya, he is a symbol of everything old and inert; she has no warm feelings for her mother's property. The girl believes that the Russian nobility is to blame for ordinary people and must atone for their guilt. This is exactly what Anya wants to devote her life to Petya Trofimov.

Trofimov scolds everything that hinders the development of Russia - “dirt, vulgarity, Asian culture”, criticizes the Russian intelligentsia, which does not look for anything and does not work. But the hero does not notice that he himself is a prominent representative of such an intelligentsia: he speaks beautifully without doing anything. A phrase characteristic of Petya: “I will go or show others the way to achieve ...” to the “highest truth.” He also doesn't care about the cherry orchard. Trofimov’s plans are much broader - to make humanity happy!

We are convinced that in the play there is no hero capable of saving the cherry orchard - a symbol of leaving Russia. We can say that everyone is to blame for his death: Ranevskaya and Gaev, and Anya with Petya Trofimov and Lopakhin. But, at the same time, whose fault is it that the era of cherry orchards has irrevocably passed? Ranevskaya and Gaev, people of transient life, are not to blame for the fact that they live carelessly and frivolously, without deciding anything. It’s not Anya and Petya’s fault that they are fascinated by other ideas—the trends of new times. Lopakhin is absolutely right in terms of his values ​​and ideas about what is good and what is bad.

I believe that Anton Pavlovich Chekhov showed in his play an inevitable process: one era replaces another. This is the law of life. By and large, a person is not able to change anything, he can only remember and experience nostalgia for a time long past.

Old and new owners of the cherry orchard

The main themes of the play “The Cherry Orchard,” written in 1904: the death of a nobleman’s nest, the victory of an enterprising industrial merchant over the outdated Ranevskaya and Paev, and the theme of the future of Russia associated with the images of Petya Trofimov and Anya.

Ranevskaya and Gaeva The Cherry Orchard is dear as a memory of childhood, youth, prosperity, easy and elegant life. They cry about the loss of the garden, but it was they who destroyed it, they gave it to the axe. However, they remained true to the beauty of the cherry orchard, and that is why they are so insignificant and funny. Ranevskaya was a former wealthy noblewoman who had a dacha even in the south of France, in Menton, the owner of the estate, “there is nothing more beautiful than anything in the world.”

But due to a lack of understanding of life, an inability to live with it, a lack of will and frivolity, the mistress completely destroyed the estate, even to the point of selling it at auction.

Lopakhin, an enterprising industrial merchant, offers the estate owners a way to preserve the estate. He says that the cherry orchard should be laid out only for cottages. But although Ranevskaya sheds tears over the loss of her garden, although she cannot live without it, she still refuses Lopakhin’s offer to save the estate. Selling or renting garden plots to her seems unacceptable and insulting. However, the auction is held, and Lopakhin himself buys the estate.

And when the “trouble” happened, it turned out that there was no drama for the owner of the cherry orchard. Ranevskaya returns to Paris with her absurd “love”, to which she would return, despite all her words that she cannot live without her homeland. The drama with the sale of the cherry orchard is not a drama at all for its owners.

This only happened because Ranevskaya had no serious emotions at all. She can easily move from a state of anxiety and anxiety to cheerful excitement. This happened this time too. She quickly calmed down and even told everyone: “My nerves are better, it’s true.”

What kind of brother is Leonid Andreevich Gaev? He is much smaller than his sister, but he is able to say simple, sincere words with shame, realizing his own vulgarity and stupidity. However, Gaev's shortcomings reach caricature proportions. Remembering the past, Ranevskaya kisses her favorite closet. Gaev makes a speech in front of him. Gaev is a pathetic aristocrat who spent his fortune on sweets.

Throughout the entire performance, Ranevskaya and Gaev experience mental shock; they “see nothing around them, understand nothing. They are parasites, lacking the strength to cling to this life again.” The failure of the noble liberal intelligentsia in the past determined the dominance in the present of people like Lopakhin. But in fact, Chekhov connects future prosperity with the younger generation (Petya Trofimov and Anya), it is they who will build a new Russia, plant new cherry orchards.

The play “The Cherry Orchard” is Chekhov’s last work, in which he showed the tragic situation of people who have lost the meaning of life and who were unable to realize their ideals.

Conclusion

But the Gaevs and Ranevskys do not seem to think about life, about the life that is passing away, and about the future. Even the terrible drama that plays out in connection with the sale of their native estate will not be a problem for them. It seems to me that all this happens for the reason that such heroes as Ranevskaya and Gaev cannot have anything serious, anything dramatic in their lives. That is why, in my opinion, the comedic and satirical basis of “The Cherry Orchard” is connected with Ranevskaya and, of course, with Gaev.

And therefore, these representatives of the past do not deserve the beauty of the future that Petya Trofimov talks about. Ranevskaya and Gaeva and their representatives can only be called with a stretch. They are only ghosts who cannot leave behind even lasting memories.

Since the characters in The Cherry Orchard are clearly divided into two groups, they do not seem to hear each other, they cannot find a common language. This is not surprising: after all, some of them are in the past, others are moving into the future. Inexorable time separates them.

In fact, time is another character, perhaps the most important thing in the play. It is invisible, but even more so is its significance. Time does not stand still; it is characterized by movement. Movement is also characteristic of the historical process, of life. This means that Russia will move forward. In any case, belief in this is evident in the play. Obviously, since A.P. Chekhov realized that “everything has long been outdated, outdated” and is only waiting for “the beginning of something young, fresh.” And the writer joyfully said goodbye to the hated past. "Goodbye old life!" — Anya’s young voice, the voice of new Russia, Chekhov’s voice sounds in the finale of “The Cherry Orchard.”

Essay: Old and new owners of “The Cherry Orchard” (A.P. Chekhov)

“The Cherry Orchard” is a unique comedy not only of the 19th century, but of all Russian literature. In the work of A.P. Chekhov there are heroes who can be divided into three categories: the first belong to the “outgoing Russia”, the second to the “present Russia”, and the third to the “Russia of the future”, but only the first two categories of heroes are in different time we manage to be the owners of a magnificent garden.

Gaev and Ranevskaya are representatives of Russia of the past. They are nobles who are not capable of managing material values. It is known about Gaev that he “ate his estate on candy,” which reflects not only the extreme impracticality, but also the infantilism of the hero. It is no coincidence that in one of the episodes Firs worries that Gaev is wearing the wrong trousers. Gaev sacredly honors the traditions of home and family, all of this is covered in poetry and romance. It is with this hero that a surge of illusions about saving the garden is associated: he dreams of borrowing money, of Anya’s marriage. All this is untenable given modern realities and is another utopia.

Ranevskaya is described by A.P. Chekhov with sympathy: she is the only hero of the play who lives by love. Ranevskaya has a lot of charm and beauty, but the heroine is completely incapable of providing for herself and properly handling material wealth. Lyubov Ranevskaya hands a drunk passerby a gold coin, a purse falls out of her hands and coins scatter - all this symbolically reflects her nature. Gaev and Ranevskaya represent a noble class that cannot exist in the real conditions of a new life, where material values ​​play a significant and sometimes leading role.

The present Russia is represented by Lopakhin, the new and purposeful owner of a cherry orchard. This hero is characterized by pragmatism, understanding of time trends and business acumen. All this is combined with sincere sympathy and moral ideals. Buying an estate is not only a profitable project, but also a protest against the past: Lopakhin bought an estate where his grandfather was a serf, and he was not allowed further than the kitchen. “Taking an ax into the cherry orchard” is also, most likely, a manifestation of rebellion. Lopakhin represents the “Russia of the present”; his nature combines moral and material values, but sometimes he still has to choose, and his choice falls on material values. The future of Russia is not yet determined, as are the characters of Petya and Anya. They do not yet own a garden and are dreaming of planting a new one.

The comedy by A.P. Chekhov shows the replacement of one generation by another. Each representative of the new and old generations has positive and negative traits, but the impossibility of the existence of the older generation is primarily due to its impracticality and lack of independence.

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