- August 31, 2019
- Art
- Zakharova Lyalya
Sergei Yesenin, whose biography is tragic, is the greatest poet of Russia. Most of his lyrical works are new peasant poetry. In Yesenin's lyrics one can find a large number of metaphors and images. He was friendly with the royal family, and then enthusiastically greeted the revolutionary transformations, in which he was soon disappointed. But the life of the poet is also interesting, and his death still causes a lot of controversy and rumors.
The poet's childhood
Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin, whose biography is studied at school, was born on September 21, 1895. His homeland was the picturesque village of Konstantinovo, Ryazan province. Therefore, many of his lyrical works are imbued with deep love for his native land, for his native land. The Yesenin family lived very poorly.
Having no noble roots in their family, the entire family of the future famous poet was forced to engage in hard peasant labor. Sergei's father, Alexander Nikitich, had a good voice, so as a child he sang in the church choir, but when he grew up, he began to help in the shop where they sold meat.
Divorce of parents
When in Moscow the father of the future poet was able to get a job as a clerk, the family’s income became higher. But the higher his father’s income became, the less often he appeared at home, and this affected his relationship with his wife, the mother of Sergei Yesenin.
Another reason for the breakdown of the parents’ relationship was the fact that Sergei himself, after moving to the capital, began to live with his grandfather. Her mother's father, like her three brothers, were Old Believers. Therefore, they raised the boy so that he would grow up to be a real man. The poet's uncles did not have their own families, so they devoted a lot of time and attention to their nephew. The guys had a mischievous and cheerful disposition. They taught Sergei to ride horses and swim.
Her mother, who remained in Ryazan, where she had a job, soon after separating from her husband fell in love with Ivan Razgulyaev. From her new partner she gave birth to a second child, whom she named Alexander. But soon the parents got back together, and two more children appeared in the family: Ekaterina and Alexandra.
Education
Sergei Yesenin, whose biography is closely connected with literary activity, was first educated at home. But when the future poet turned nine years old, he was sent to study at the zemstvo school in Konstantinovo. He studied at this school for five years and managed to demonstrate his high abilities in subjects. But Sergei always had problems with his behavior, so the school teaching council once even had to leave him for a second year.
But still, the future poet graduated from school with high grades. During the holidays, when his parents got back together, he lived with them and often went to visit the priest. He allowed him to read books from his personal library. The books he read influenced the formation of Yesenin’s views on literature and the world around him.
As soon as his studies at the zemstvo school were completed, Sergei Yesenin, whose biography is interesting to fans of his work, began studying at a parochial educational institution, which was located in Spas-Klepiki. The family dreamed of Sergei becoming a teacher. To realize this desire of his relatives, he graduated from the parochial teacher's school. Now on the site of this educational institution there is a museum of the famous poet.
But as soon as the future poet received his teaching education, he immediately moved to Moscow. The father gets the future famous poet a job in a butcher shop, and he also worked part-time in a printing house. The father soon assigned his son to an office, where he quickly became bored with the monotonous and boring work. While working in the printing house, Sergei Yesenin, whose biography helps to understand his work, became friends with poets from the Surikov literary circle. They influenced Sergei Alexandrovich, and soon he became a free student at the People's University, choosing the Faculty of History and Philosophy.
Themes of Yesenin's lyrics
Yesenin wrote about what worried him and his contemporaries. He was a child of his era, which experienced many cataclysms. That is why the main themes of Yesenin’s poetry are the fate of the Russian village, the present and future of Russia, affection for nature, love for a woman and religion.
A burning love for the Motherland runs like a red thread through the entire creative heritage of the poet. This feeling is the starting point of all his further literary research. Moreover, Yesenin does not primarily put a political meaning into the concept of the Motherland, although he did not ignore the sorrows and joys of peasant Rus'. The poet’s homeland is the surrounding fields, forests, and plains, which begin from the parental home of the lyrical hero and extend into vast distances. The poet drew images of incredible beauty from childhood memories and the nature of his patrimony - the village of Konstantinovo, where his “crimson Rus'” began for Yesenin. Such feelings of reverent love for his native land were expressed in the most tender poetic watercolors.
All the themes of Yesenin’s work, in particular the theme of love for the Motherland and love for nature, are so closely intertwined that they cannot be distinguished from one another. He admired the world around him, like a child “born singing in a blanket of grass,” considering himself an integral part of it.
Love lyrics are a separate layer of the creative work of the poet-nugget. The image of a woman from his poems is copied from Russian beauties “with scarlet berry juice on her skin”, “with a sheaf of oatmeal hair”. But love relationships always occur as if in the background; the same nature is always at the center of the action. The poet often compares the girl to a thin birch tree, and her chosen one to a maple tree. Early creativity is characterized by youthful ardor and focus on the physical aspect of relationships (“I’ll kiss you while you’re drunk, I’ll wear you out like a flower”). Over the years, having experienced bitter disappointments on the personal front, the poet expresses his feelings of contempt for corrupt women, cynically considering love itself to be nothing more than an illusion (“our life is a sheet and a bed”). Yesenin himself considered “Persian Motives” to be the pinnacle of his love lyrics, where the poet’s trip to Batumi left an imprint.
It should be noted that there are many philosophical motives in Yesenin’s poems. Early works sparkle with a feeling of the fullness of life, a precise awareness of one’s place in it and the meaning of existence. The lyrical hero finds him in unity with nature, calling himself a shepherd, whose “chambers are the boundaries of undulating fields.” He is aware of the rapid fading of life (“everything will pass like smoke from white apple trees”), and because of this, his lyrics are tinged with light sadness.
Of particular interest is the topic “God, nature, man in Yesenin’s poetry.”
Literary activity
The creative biography of Sergei Yesenin began in the parish school, which was located in Spas-Klepiki. It was then that he began to write poetry. Such poetic works as “My Life”, “Stars” and others belong to this period. In the capital, he begins to write his poems more confidently. They already showed such a literary device as imagery. Interesting and skillful metaphors were also used in the capital's poetic works of the young Yesenin.
In the poetic biography of Sergei Yesenin, the first published poem was “Birch,” which is currently being studied at school. While writing this poem, he was impressed by the poetic work of Afanasy Fet, so this could not but be reflected in his poetry. Since the poet published his work for the first time, he decided to publish it under the pseudonym Ariston. The extraordinary and touching poem “Birch” was first published in 1914 in the magazine “Mirok”.
And just two years later, Sergei Aleksandrovich Yesenin, whose biography requires careful and thorough study, publishes his first book. The poetry collection “Radunitsa” already reflects the features of Russian modernism. This is explained by the fact that Sergei Alexandrovich moved to live in Petrograd, where he soon met and began to communicate closely with such poets as Alexander Blok, Zinaida Gippius, Sergei Gorodetsky and others.
The aspiring poet Sergei Aleksandrovich Yesenin, whose biography and life is connected with the revolution, did not take this title of the book by chance. Radunitsa in Rus' has always been called the day when people honored the dead. The connection with nature is fundamental in Yesenin’s work during this period.
At this time, both the appearance and demeanor of Sergei Yesenin change. In the entire appearance of the young poet, not only elegance appears, but also amazing mystery. Most likely, such changes in Yesenin’s appearance were influenced by his guardian Klyuev, who supported him for two years, starting in 1915.
Another poem by Yesenin, whose biography is still being studied by researchers of his work, also turns out to be unusual and meaningful. In the work “Bird Cherry,” which was written in 1915, the poet endows the tree with human qualities. It not only comes to life, but can show feelings. In 1916, Sergei Alexandrovich was called to participate in hostilities, and this gave him the opportunity to communicate with a group of new peasant poets.
Youth
The years of Yesenin’s life – 1895–1925 – were a transitional time in Russian history, which also affected culture. The turn of the century was marked by an active creative search among the intelligentsia, at the center of which was the poet. He was born into a simple peasant family in the Ryazan province. The boy studied at the zemstvo school, then at the local school.
After graduating in 1912, he moved to Moscow, where he worked in a printing house. In 1913, he entered the university in the historical and philosophical department. His creative career began the following year with the publication of his first poems in the magazine. In 1915 he moved to Petrograd, where he made acquaintances with modern poets.
Communication with the royal family and attitude towards the revolution
The biography of Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin is also connected with the imperial family. After the poetry collection “Radunitsa” was published, Yesenin became famous. Soon this collection reaches the empress. Alexandra Fedorovna invites Yesenin to her place to get to know him. Soon he often visited them in Tsarskoe Selo, where he read poetry not only to the empress, but also to her daughters.
But when revolutionary events took place in 1917, this was also reflected in Yesenin’s poetic works. Having received new emotions and inspiration, Sergei Alexandrovich writes the poem “Transfiguration”, which causes a lot of controversy and criticism. Despite the fact that the entire poem is replete with slogans of the International, they were still very much presented in the style of the Old Testament. And this was immediately noticed.
In one of his poems, he later states that his attitude towards the church has changed and now he perceives the world completely differently. Just at this time he begins to communicate with the poet Andrei Bely and the poetry group “Scythians”. It is worth noting that by the end of the twenties, Sergei Yesenin was releasing several poetry collections. Thus, in Yesenin’s biography, the full list of works of that time includes the following works of the poet: this is the second edition of the collection “Radunitsa”, and the book “Dove”, and “Transfiguration”, and “Rural Book of Hours”.
But the work of a talented poet changes over time. Changes in the creative biography of Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin begin in 1919. In his works he began to use a large number of metaphors and images. It is believed that during this period he joined the Imagists. At this time he liked the poetic style of Boris Pasternak. Yesenin finds support from Shershenevich and creates his own poetry group, where the traditions of futurism are already used in creativity.
At many stages of Yesenin’s biography, as researchers of his work have found out, the poet himself and his group comrades created works with which they could speak publicly and read them in front of listeners. Each such performance turns out to be bright and impressive. At this time, Sergei Yesenin wrote the poem “Pugachev”, the poem “Sorokoust” and the treatise “The Keys of Mary”.
A new stage in the biography of S. A. Yesenin was the beginning of the twenties, when he decided to rent a bookstore to sell books. Such a shop on Bolshaya Nikitskaya brought him a small income, and also temporarily distracted him from writing poetic works. He soon returns to creativity, but his style changes. He dedicates seven of his poems to the famous actress Augusta Miklashevskaya. But the poet describes his attitude towards her in 1921 in the poem “Confession of a Hooligan.”
The best lyrical work by Yesenin is considered to be the poem “Letter to a Mother,” which was written in 1924. He addressed it to his mother, whom he had not seen for eight years, but still loved dearly. He tried to convey to her that her son, despite his fame and a large army of fans, remained the same hooligan who loved both her and his native village. Many poems of this period were lyrical and at the same time aroused a huge amount of critical comments.
But soon disappointment in revolutionary changes sets in, and this cannot but affect his lyrics. In his poem “Sing, sing. On the damned guitar...”, which he wrote in 1922, the poet addresses a woman, but already uses curse words. His mood is already far from lyrical. And the main character, in order to escape reality, drinks alcohol.
But the poet himself needed inspiration, and he decides to change his life. As follows from the biography of Sergei Yesenin (and Wikipedia confirms this), the poet traveled a lot. He visited the Urals, Orenburg and Central Asia, Samarkand and Tashkent. New acquaintances, oriental music and poetry, architecture - all this inspired the poet.
Only after marriage Sergei Alexandrovich goes to travel around Europe. Yesenin's biography (the poet's childhood, his youth and maturity are described in detail in our article) is interesting and tragic. He visits Germany, Italy, France and other countries. Then the Izvestia newspaper will publish the poet’s impressions of the trip. If you carefully read Yesenin's biography, you will notice that for several months in 1922 he lived in America.
There is a version that when Sergei Alexandrovich went to travel to the Caucasus, it was there that he created his poetry collection “Red East”. This collection of poems was also published in the Caucasus. In 1924, he wrote a touching and lyrical poem “You are my Shagane, Shagane...”. For a long time, researchers of Yesenin’s work believed that his heroine was a fictional woman, but it turned out that Shagane did exist, the poet communicated with her and dedicated his poem to her.
There, in the Caucasus, he wrote his poem “Message to the Evangelist Demyan” in 1925. Yesenin’s main critic during this period was Vladimir Mayakovsky, but they still treated each other’s work with respect.
Creative path of S.A. Yesenina.
Essay
Creative path of S.A. Yesenina
Poetry - a beautiful creation of the human genius - has always aroused the admiration of people. It makes us look at the world in a new way, gives us the opportunity to express the feelings that have accumulated in our hearts. Thanks to poetry, people can accept many things that haunt their lives and stir their hearts. But not everyone is given the ability to control the word as some kind of instrument of labor; only the truly worthy are able to kindle a fire of passion and the power of the spirit in the souls of people with rhymes and lines. The greatest Russian poet Sergei Yesenin possessed precisely such a talent.
It is generally accepted that great Russian poets and writers enter literature triumphantly, but the fate of Sergei Aleksandrovich Yesenin refutes this popular myth and once again reminds us of the difficult path of talent. S.A. Yesenin is a wonderful singer of Russian nature. Melodiousness is another feature of Yesenin’s lyrics. Lyrical works by S.A. Yesenin are written as songs and can easily be set to music. Yesenin's lyrics are entirely permeated with the element of song. Nevertheless, it is not so easy to understand his creative path, the uniqueness of his artistic system, his creative connections, the reasons for the contradictory perception of Yesenin’s poems by his contemporaries, and most importantly, the sources of his talent. Love for rural Russia, nature, everyday life, oral poetry S.A. Yesenin carried it through all his work.
What is the secret of such enormous popularity of this author? It is in the special character of his natural talent, which with amazing naturalness combines high poetry and living reality, folklore and deep individuality.
The first poetic collection of poems by Sergei Yesenin, “Radunitsa,” was published in 1916. The main place in these poems is occupied by a realistic depiction of village life, sketches of peasant life. The most characteristic of them is the poem “In the Hut.” What Yesenin was very familiar with from an early age, what sank into his soul forever - these are pictures of his native nature, among which he spent his childhood and youth. They started talking about Yesenin as an original lyric poet, an artist of “wonderful colors.” All the poems included in his book are distinguished by a special song structure, and are close to folk songs and ditties. The book summed up the early poetic experiments of S.A. Yesenina. It is heterogeneous in its composition, and reflects not only various ideological and creative influences, but also the poet’s persistent desire to find his unique voice.
Soon after the publication of the book "Radunitsa" Sergei Yesenin was drafted into the army. Thanks to the petition of Colonel Dmitry Loman, the poet went not to the front of the First World War, but to the Petrograd reserve of military orderlies, and from there to the Tsarskoye Selo hospital. With his patronage, Loman hoped to bring S.A. closer to him. Yesenin and make him a court poet. However, this calculation did not come true. The poet wrote a number of freedom-loving poems: “Behind the dark strand of copse trees,” “Blue sky, colored arc...”, “Mikola.” His service conditions allow him to attend literary evenings in Moscow and St. Petersburg. A favorite of the St. Petersburg intelligentsia, he almost paid with her favor when it became known that he not only took part in a concert for wounded soldiers, but was also introduced to Empress Alexandra Feodorovna and awarded a gold watch, and in return dedicated an entire series to her in his new book "Dove". Yesenin’s book was published after the February Revolution, in May 1918, and he managed to remove the dedication to the empress. The events of 1917 caused a sharp change in his consciousness and creativity. A cycle of poems created by Yesenin at this time, in which he glorifies “violent Rus'” and glorifies the “red summer”, like almost all of his works of 1917-1919 (“Comrade”, “Inonia”, “Singing Call” and others) , are of an atheistic nature.
In March 1918, Sergei Yesenin arrived in Moscow. Here the poet prepared for publication collections of poems “Dove”, “Transfiguration” and “Rural Book of Hours”, wrote a theoretical treatise “The Keys of Mary” on creativity and literature, and composed poems “Inonia” and “Dove of Jordan” with biblical motifs. Despite the fact that Sergei Yesenin enthusiastically accepted the October Revolution, he had a hard time experiencing the breakdown of peasant life. These sad, nostalgic moods formed the basis of the poem “Sorokoust”. In the biblical poems of 1917, the poet created a symbolic image of a new world, a “beautiful but alien” land. In the poem “Anna Snegina,” the poet showed such an ambiguous attitude towards the revolution, which conveys the real complexity of the events taking place in Russia.
Being the son of his Fatherland, the son of the common people, the poet writes out images of peasants dear to his heart. It is in connection with these events that the poem “Pugachev” is created. At the time of writing the poem, the author had outgrown his village and felt lonely, isolated, restless and still rebellious. His rebellion was expressed in drunkenness, in antics and, of course, in his creativity. The dominant image of the poem by Emelyan Pugachev is associated with the author. Not in political views, since the poet considered himself apolitical, although he did not fully support Bolshevism. But in loneliness and alienation among “his own”, the main character is similar to his creator. The image of Pugachev by S.A. Yesenin is romanticized. The poet does not complicate his poem with other more or less significant characters; only the image of Pugachev is shown in development. As the poet himself notes, “except for Pugachev, almost no one repeats himself in the tragedy: in every scene there are new faces. This gives more movement and brings forward the main role of Pugachev.” He acts as the one whom the people were waiting for, “the one who would throw the first stone.” Pugachev’s dreams are dreams of Yesenin himself about the new world. In the finale, full of dramatic tension, we see the hero betrayed by his comrades. And, more than ever, we feel his loneliness and tragedy.
The poem “Pugachev” is the poet’s rebellion against his own loneliness, isolation and restlessness. This is the cry of a peasant soul in longing for his home and the understanding that the point of no return has long been passed, and now nothing can be changed. The work is characterized by the duality of the experiences of its creator - personal pain, poisoning his nature, and patriotic suffering, for his native land and for the people.
The poet’s late lyrics, unlike his early ones, where the description of nature plays the main role, becomes a lament over the dying world, over the dying peasant Russia, the patriarchal village, the dying nature, forever becoming a thing of the past.
The main place in the poems of S.A. Yesenin is interested in a realistic depiction of village life. It is no coincidence that the strong point of his collection of poems “Radunitsa” was precisely the lyrical depiction of Russian nature. The significance of Yesenin’s lyrics lies in the fact that in it the feeling of love for the homeland is always expressed not abstractly and rhetorically, but specifically in visible landscape images. S.A. Yesenin spiritualizes and personifies natural phenomena: “The bird cherry beckons with its sleeve,” “It’s like a pine tree is tied up with a white scarf,” etc. At the same time, the poet actively uses the technique of psychological parallelism, for example, “With scarlet berry juice on the skin...” or “You look like a pink sunset...”. Sergei Yesenin’s image of man in communication with nature is complemented by his love for all living things. In this view there were echoes of the ancient idea of man and nature, which remained in the consciousness of the peasantry for a long time.
The work of Sergei Aleksandrovich Yesenin, uniquely bright and deep, has now firmly entered our literature and enjoys enormous success among numerous Soviet and foreign readers. The poet’s poems are full of heartfelt warmth and sincerity, passionate love for the boundless expanses of his native fields, the “inexhaustible sadness” of which he was able to convey so emotionally and so loudly.
The secret of readers' enduring love for the poetry of S.A. Yesenin - in his compassion for human and animal grief, in mercy, in tenderness, sincerity and closeness to nature, in the ability to express what is dear to every person at all times, which is impossible to fully reveal. Yesenin is our great national poet, perhaps the most beloved in Russia. Time has no power over the poetry of Sergei Yesenin. Many of the events that worried the poet are long gone, and the reality that fed his poems has changed. But each new generation discovers something close and dear in Yesenin. The poet is very popular among readers, both young and older, and his poems are always read with great interest. Very often we quote many of his lines: “My life, or did I dream about you”, “I don’t regret, I don’t call, I don’t cry”, “Everything will pass like smoke from white apple trees”, “Like a grove in September, alcohol showers your brains” and many others. Historical fact: on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of Pushkin’s birth, people on the street were asked to name the poet’s three most memorable lines. “You’re Still Alive, My Old Lady,” which belongs to S.A., won by a large margin. Yesenin. This confusion means that Pushkin is in the heads, and Yesenin is in the hearts.”
Antonenko Alexandra Nikolaevna
GKOU CIO "Yuzhny" Moscow, teacher
Relations with the Soviet authorities
Yesenin's biography, Yesenin's poems, as well as his behavior began to be subject to frequent criticism after Sergei Alexandrovich decided to break with imagism. After 1924, articles constantly appeared that talked about Yesenin’s antics, which he committed while drunk. Most often they talked about scandals in drinking establishments. But for such hooliganism the poet was not threatened with anything serious by the authorities.
Soon, ill-wishers appeared and began to write denunciations against the poet. As a result, this led to the fact that several criminal cases were opened against Yesenin. But then they were still closed. The most high-profile of these cases was the “Case of Four Poets,” in which Yesenin and others were accused of anti-Semitism. Such an accusation undermined the health of Sergei Alexandrovich.
But still, the Soviet government tried to save the life of the poet Yesenin, whose biography at that time was already interesting to the public. Letters to Dzerzhinsky have been preserved, where he is asked to help the brilliant poet. They also contain a request to assign a GPU worker to the poet, who would follow him everywhere and not let him drink too much. Dzerzhinsky tried to fulfill this request, but his subordinate could not find Yesenin.
Personal life
If you carefully and in detail analyze Yesenin’s personal life and biography by year, you can also trace which women he lived with during what period of time. The following main stages of Yesenin’s personal life can be distinguished.
The first stage - 1914 - is the beginning of the poet’s activity. He has many affairs.
The second stage in the poet's life begins in 1921, when he meets Isadora Duncan.
Since 1925, a new stage and acquaintance with Sofia Tolstoy begins.
Yesenin's first common-law wife was Anna Izryadnova. He met her while he was working in a printing house as an assistant proofreader. In this union, a son, Yuri, was born, but this still could not keep Yesenin in the relationship.
In 1917, Sergei Alexandrovich married again. Zinaida Reich becomes his chosen one. The famous and brilliant poet did not live long in this marriage, although in this union he had two children: daughter Tatyana and son Konstantin.
But soon a new era began in Yesenin’s life: he met the dancer Isadora Duncan. It was a passionate and romantic story, in which there was not only mutual love, but also many conflicts and quarrels. Until now, these relationships have not been fully studied. Isadora Duncan danced professionally and was famous in America. Therefore, their relationship with the brilliant poet Sergei Yesenin was public.
Their marriage to Isadora Duncan was official, although she was older than him and had children from her first marriage. But this did not stop them. Sergei Yesenin met the dancer Duncan in 1921 in a private workshop. After the wedding, Yesenin and Duncan traveled around Europe for some time, and then lived for four months in the homeland of Isadora Duncan. But Yesenin was still drawn to his homeland, and therefore neither America nor the woman he loved could keep him. When Sergei Alexandrovich returned to Russia, he immediately divorced.
Sergei Yesenin's next wife was Sofia Tolstaya, who was the granddaughter of Leo Tolstoy. But they could not live together for even a year. Yesenin also had affairs with other women in his life. So, there are facts about a difficult relationship with his personal secretary Galina Benislavskaya. Galina was almost always with the poet and devoted most of her life to him.
Life and work after the October Revolution
In 1918, Yesenin returned to the capital again. What was happening here somewhat disappointed him: a certain anarchy reigned in Moscow, and the literary salons were crowded with people who were far from understanding high poetry. However, despite this, the poet publishes another collection of poems, “Dove,” which includes works written 1-2 years before the revolution.
At the same time, a young man showing obvious literary promise was introduced to A. Mariengof and V. Shershenevich. Having found common ground, they create a new literary circle - the “Order of Imagists”. It included lyricists who preferred to amaze the reader’s imagination with skillfully created images and apt metaphors.
The beginning of the 1920s can be considered the most fruitful period in the poet’s life. Four of his books came out of print with minimal interruption: “Treryadnitsa”, “Confession of a Hooligan”, “Poems of a Brawler”, “Moscow Tavern” and a poem about Pugachev. Also, the future classic of Russian poetry was directly related to the publication of collective poetry collections of the Imagists and participated in the opening of their printing house and creative bohemian cafe, named after the famous Pegasus. In his free time, Sergei even worked as a salesman in the Order bookstore.
In 1921, the poet gave himself entirely to the desire to travel. Together with his devoted friend Blumkin, he visited the Urals, the Orenburg region and Central Asia. Yesenin simply fell in love with the latter. According to the memoirs of his contemporaries, the poet enjoyed reading his works in the houses of educated residents of Tashkent, regularly visited teahouses and the old city, and went to see ancient sights in Samarkand. He really liked the picturesque eastern nature, the special worldview of the local residents, Uzbek poetry and melodies.
Returning from a trip, in the same year the young man met the muse of his life - ballerina from the USA Isadora Duncan. Together with her, the sensitive lyricist visited many European countries: Italy, Germany, Belgium, France, as well as the North American continent. However, after returning to the USSR, the marriage of the two original people quickly fell apart.
Surprisingly, Yesenin, despite his love of reading and a good independent education, did not know foreign languages at all. Therefore, they had to communicate with their wife Isadora through an interpreter: Sergei did not know English, and Duncan knew only a few words in Russian.
Illness and death
Everyone, even Dzerzhinsky, knew that Sergei Yesenin was addicted to alcohol. In 1925, for treatment, the brilliant poet was admitted to a paid metropolitan clinic that dealt with psychoneurological disorders. But soon, at the end of December of the same year, the treatment was interrupted, since Sergei Alexandrovich himself did not want to continue it.
After such an attitude towards himself, Yesenin decides to leave Moscow and moves to Leningrad. But first he stops his work with Gosizdat and withdraws all the money that was kept in his government accounts. In the city on the Neva, he rents a hotel room, but he did not interrupt communication with writers during that period.
Unexpected news on December 28, 1925 was the message that the poet Sergei Yesenin had died. It is known that on the night before this tragic event he wrote a farewell letter.
Yesenin's body was found early in the morning in a hotel room. The wounds on the body, as well as the poet’s pose, currently give rise to many versions of what could have happened then: whether it was a violent death or suicide. The case of Yesenin’s death is kept in the archives under the heading “Secret”.
The funeral of the brilliant poet took place in Moscow, where the grave of this wonderful author is still located. Yesenin's poems and poems are studied at school and translated into many languages of the world.
Interesting facts from Yesenin's biography
Wikipedia does not have exact information about what year Sergei was given to his grandfather. But during his childhood, little Yesenin lived for five years without his father and mother. His grandfather Titov, his mother’s father, was involved in his upbringing. This happened due to the separation of parents. At that time, the father was working in Moscow, and the mother remained in the poet’s homeland and only sent money for his maintenance. So the boy realized and understood what it meant to be an orphan with living parents.
The grandfather's upbringing had its influence on his grandson. So, at the age of five he could already read well, but due to the fact that his grandfather belonged to the old faith, Sergei was teased at school as an “atheist.” During his childhood, it was not his parents who had a huge influence on the boy, but his grandfather and his sons, who were not married. At this age, they devoted more time and attention to the boy than his father and mother, who could not establish their personal life. In 1915, Sergei Yesenin was drafted into the army, but a reprieve soon followed. Therefore, when he finally ended up in the army, he was already appointed as a medical orderly.
In 2005, the multi-part film “Yesenin” was shot, in which star actor Sergei Bezrukov played the main role. This film received only positive reviews.
Yesenin's love interests
The poet had a rather handsome appearance, and his lyrical talent made him even more attractive in the eyes of women. Key figures in his personal life were:
- Anna Izryadnova. Yesenin’s first unofficial wife was older than him and worked in a printing house, where they met. After Anna became pregnant, they lived together for about 2 years. However, after the poet left for Petrograd in 1915, the girl remained in Moscow and raised their common son, Yuri, alone.
- Zinaida Reich. From 1917 to 1921, Yesenin’s official wife was a modest secretary of a Petrograd newspaper, who later became a famous actress and life partner of the famous director Meyerhold. Zinaida recalled that life with the poet turned out to be unbearable: he drank a lot, was wildly jealous of her and even beat her when she was pregnant. Reich fled from him to her parents with 2 children: daughter Tanya and son Kostya.
- Isadora Duncan. In 1921–1923, this famous American dancer was next to the poet. Some biographers claim that Yesenin loved her the most, but their marriage fell apart quite quickly due to the language barrier and difference in mentality.
- Galina Benislavskaya. Sergei met her a year before meeting Isadora, after which they almost immediately became close, but not for long. After breaking up with Duncan, Yesenin returned to her, but continued to treat Galina as a friend. He continued to drink, took women to her room, and in 1925 he married the granddaughter of Leo Tolstoy.
- Sofia Tolstaya. The poet also failed to become happy with this young aristocrat. She had been his wife for only a few months before her suicide, but they could not be called happy. Yesenin's desire for simplicity, warmth, and kinship of souls did not fit well with the stiffness and some despotism of Sophia, who was brought up in accordance with the rules of strict etiquette.
Yesenin’s life, although short, was very bright both in terms of creativity and personal relationships. Many of his works remain unsurpassed masterpieces of Russian poetry to this day.
