October 3, 1824 – October 28, 1861 (37 years)
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Ivan Savvich Nikitin (1824–1861) is a famous Russian poet, master of Russian poetic landscape. His work primarily relates to realism, although his first poems contained religious motifs. Nikitin's biography is rich in interesting events that gave impetus to the development of his literary gift.
The material was prepared jointly with a teacher of the highest category, Kuchmina Nadezhda Vladimirovna.
Experience as a teacher of Russian language and literature - 27 years.
Childhood and adolescence
Ivan Savvich Nikitin was born on September 21 (October 3), 1824 in Voronezh, into the family of a wealthy tradesman. His father sold candles.
The future writer learned to read and write early. This was facilitated by a close acquaintance with a shoemaker living next door.
When Ivan turned 8 years old, he was sent to a religious school. After graduating, he entered the seminary. But my studies there had to be interrupted. The reason was the rapid ruin of the father, who quickly became addicted to the “green serpent,” as well as the death of the mother.
All worries about the family fell on the shoulders of the young man. Nikitin entered service in a candle shop. Later it was sold for debts. An inn was purchased with the proceeds.
Brief biography of Ivan Nikitin for primary school children
The future poet was born in Voronezh, in the family of the owner of a candle factory, Savva Nikitin, a cruel man, at times even despotic.
Due to the difficult nature of his father, the boy soon became isolated in himself, had no friends, and for the most part just walked alone in the forest.
Sometimes Nikitin wandered into the guardhouse, where the old watchman told the boy Russian fairy tales.
At the age of eight, Ivan Nikitin was sent by his father to a theological seminary, because Savva Nikitin himself was once a priest.
At the seminary, Nikitin read a lot, giving preference to the works of the poet Koltsov.
However, the boy was soon forced to quit his studies.
His father went bankrupt, and having sold the candle factory, he became the owner of a small inn, in the wing of which the Nikitins now huddled.
The future poet had to help his father, sell hay to cab drivers and serve rooms.
Subsequently, Nikitin had to engage in self-education, he studied several foreign languages, and knew literature and philosophy well.
For a long time, publishers refused to publish the poems of the aspiring poet, and only in 1853 did a breakthrough come.
The newspaper published Nikitin’s poem “Rus”, after which they started talking about the poet Nikitin as a talented nugget.
After this, fame and fame came to Nikitin, and he gained even greater popularity after the publication of his only poem, “The Fist.”
Popularity brought Nikitin some capital, which he used to open his own bookstore, which took up both the poet’s time and money.
However, after Nikitin visited Moscow and St. Petersburg, a new upsurge began in his work.
He publishes a second collection of poems, but worsening tuberculosis puts the poet to bed.
Ivan Nikitin died in Voronezh at the age of 37.
Creative path
Nikitin was not delighted with the “officialdom” that prevailed at the Voronezh seminary where he studied. Memoirs of the difficult years of study were published in 1861 in the form of a diary.
Nikitin's first poems appeared in 1849. Many of them were imitative in nature.
In 1851 the poem “Rus” was written. It was published 2 years later, in the newspaper “Voronezh Provincial Gazette”. A little later it was republished in the newspaper St. Petersburg Vedomosti. Critics appreciated the patriotic pathos of the young poet and began to call him “the new A. Koltsov.”
Later, Nikitin’s poems began to be published in Otechestvennye zapiski, as well as in the magazine Moskvatyanin.
After his first publications, Nikitin became a member of the local club, which included the entire Voronezh intelligentsia. The “heart” of the club was N.I. Vtorov. He soon became Nikitin's close friend. The second good friend of the poet was M. F. De Poulet. He became the editor of almost all of his works.
The very first collection was published in 1856. It contained poems on a variety of topics. The poet mainly addressed social problems and religion. Critics gave this collection mixed reviews.
In 1859, Nikitin's second collection of poems was published. In 1861, his “Diary of a Seminarian” was published. The work was published in the newspaper “Voronezhskaya Beseda”.
Nikitin also wrote such poems for children as “In a dark thicket the nightingale fell silent”, “The evening is clear and quiet”, “Living speech, living sounds”. They are now being studied in 3rd grade. Having felt close to nature since childhood, Nikitin became a real singer of his native land.
Nikitin Ivan Savvich: biography for children
Ivan Savvich was born in the city of Voronezh on October 3, 1824 in the family of a wealthy tradesman who sold candles. He learned to read and write early thanks to a shoemaker neighbor, read a lot as a child and loved being in nature, with which he felt unity from birth. At the age of eight he entered a theological school, then continued his studies at the seminary. The sudden end of his studies led to the ruin of his father, his destructive passion for alcohol and the death of his mother, which forced the young man to take care of his loved ones. Ivan, expelled due to frequent absence from class and poor academic performance, began working in a candle shop instead of his father, which was then sold along with the candle factory for debts, and with this money a dilapidated inn was purchased.
Features of creativity
A significant place in the poet’s work is devoted to people’s troubles and suffering. The life of a peasant is wonderfully described in such poems as “Street Meeting”, “Beggar”, “Mother and Daughter”, “Plowman”, “Coachman’s Wife”.
Nikitin warmly sympathized with the Russian people and sincerely wished for an improvement in their unenviable situation. At the same time, the poet did not idealize the peasantry. The Russian peasant is often presented in his works as a rude, brutalized domestic despot. According to some fellow writers, Nikitin was not a truly folk poet. His worldview was that of a city man who observed the life of the peasantry from the outside. For this reason, according to critics, his work lacks true depth.
Love for the people is one of the main themes in creativity
A short biography of Ivan Nikitin for children tells that a significant place in the work of the poet, who sincerely worried about his people and let their troubles pass through his own heart, is occupied by poems depicting the life of an ordinary commoner (“The Coachman’s Wife,” “The Plowman,” “Mother and daughter", "Beggar", "Street Meeting"). They clearly express deep, sincere love for their people, warm sympathy for their plight and a great desire to improve their situation. At the same time, Nikitin did not idealize the people, looking at them with sober eyes, he painted them truthfully, without hiding the dark sides and negative traits of the people’s character: family despotism, rudeness (“Damage”, “Stubborn Father”, “Divide”). Nikitin, in the full sense of the word, was a city dweller, although he visited the outskirts of Voronezh, he stayed on rich landowner estates, in a real village, in a peasant house he had never been and did not experience the life of an ordinary person. Nikitin received material for depicting the living conditions of ordinary people from cab drivers who stopped at his inn and peasants who came to Voronezh. However, Ivan Savvich, who had some limitations in observing people’s life, precisely for this reason was unable to fully paint a comprehensive, broad picture of the life of the people, but was able to provide only fragmentary information.
Interesting Facts
- In the summer of 1855, weak and sickly Ivan Nikitin caught a severe cold after swimming in the river. The disease was very difficult, with complications. The poet could not get out of bed for a long time. Several times he thought he was dying. But, in his own words, faith came to his aid. After this, Nikitin began to create in a slightly different vein. Religious and mystical notes began to appear more and more often in his poems.
- According to some reports, the poet suffered from drug addiction. He used salojuanna, a substance known only to a very small circle.
- In 1911, a monument to I. Nikitin was erected in Voronezh. Its author was the sculptor I. A. Shuklin. In the house where the poet lived, his house-museum now functions. In the period from 1949 to 1974. postage stamps with the poet's image were issued.
Childhood and youth
Ivan Savvich Nikitin was born in Voronezh . He was the only child in the family. Nikitin's parents were not happy in their marriage: their kind and quiet mother was suppressed by her rude, cruel father. Savva Evtikhievich , Nikitin's father, was a merchant, owner of a candle factory and shop. Despite the fact that this man came from the clergy, memories of him are preserved as a drunkard and a famous fist fighter, who often took out his anger on his household.
The parents did not educate their son; the shoemaker who lived next door helped the boy learn to read and write. At the age of eight, Ivan was sent to study at the Voronezh Theological School . Then he continued his education at the theological seminary . During his studies, the young man read a lot, he was fond of the poetry of Pushkin, Lermontov, Koltsov, and studied critical articles by Belinsky. Soon Nikitin himself begins to write poetry, and they become popular among his comrades. However, life in the seminary was not sweet. Ivan Savvich described all the hardships of being there in his story “The Diary of a Seminarist .
When Nikitin's training was nearing completion, Savva Evtikhievich went bankrupt and was forced to sell the plant and house . He began to drink even more and quickly drove his wife to the grave. Ivan Savvich was forced to quit his studies , although he dreamed of entering the university after graduating from the seminary.
Nikitin became a “janitor,” but not in the modern meaning of the word. The young man ran an inn . All day long he worked tirelessly, doing all the household chores, and at night he quenched his thirst for knowledge by reading Schiller, Lermontov, Belinsky and other authors, as well as composing his own works.
Young Ivan Nikitin
Striving for beauty
This is how the years of Nikitin Ivan Savvich’s life passed sadly. Hard work, a despot-drunken father and gray, similar days. But the spark that pulled the poet to the beautiful could not be extinguished by everyday life. He strives for high art and never ceases to absorb drop by drop the works of Pushkin, Gogol, Shakespeare and his favorite Belinsky. The young man exchanges what remains of the candle shop for an inn. And among the always drunk and noisy clients, the future poet managed to find time to write poetry.
The unsociable, lonely Nikitin found more happiness in these short moments than in the senseless waste of time talking with people. Gradually the poet began to grow in him. The poems of Ivan Savvich Nikitin are short, but correctly composed and with meaning.
short biography
Russian merchant and traveler Afanasy Nikitin in the 15th century. lived in Tver. All that is known about him is what he himself said in his famous diaries, which he kept during his trip to Asia: “I wrote down here about my sinful journey across three seas: the first sea - Derbent, Darya (Persian - sea) Khvalisskaya, the second sea – Indian, Gundustan Darya, third sea – Black, Istanbul Darya.” Now these seas are called the Caspian, Arabian and Black, respectively.
Monument to Afanasy Nikitin in Tver
Reading Afanasy's story, it becomes clear that he was a Tver merchant of average income, apparently trading mainly in the Volga cities and the Caucasus. And he ended up in India by chance, “due to many misfortunes” after his ship was plundered by the Tatars.
Nikitin traveled from 1468 to 1475. His travel diary is unofficial, it is written in the living language of a man who found himself in a foreign land, and is very different from the church and secular literature of that time. It is easy to discern the author's character traits. Afanasy Nikitin was a fearless, sincere and spontaneous person, he deeply believed in God, missed his homeland and prayed to return to Rus' safe and sound. He died in 1475, on the way back, not far from Smolensk.
Childhood and adolescence
I. S. Nikitin was born on September 21 (October 3, BC) 1824 in Voronezh. Almost no information has been preserved about the poet’s mother, Praskovya Ivanovna. What is known is that she was a quiet, God-fearing woman and was in complete submission to her stern husband. The boy's father, Savva Evtikhievich Nikitin (nee Kirillov) is a much more prominent figure. Being the youngest son of a church sexton, he changed his last name and started trading. By the time of the birth of his son, Savva Evtikhievich owned a candle factory, had an established waxing enterprise and a candle shop near the Smolensk Cathedral. According to contemporaries, the father of the future poet was very well read, famous for his heroic strength and love of fist fights.
Ivan spent his childhood in the company of his cousin, Anna Tyurina, and his favorite entertainment was fairy tales, which were told in the evenings by an old factory guard. In 1833, young Ivan Nikitin was sent to the Voronezh Theological School. The boy studied diligently, showing a special interest in reading and literature. Having mastered reading and writing, the future follower of Koltsov began to read everything that came to his hand.
In 1839, Nikitin entered the Voronezh Theological Seminary, but the dry teaching system and the cramming that flourished at that time disgusted his creative nature, so in 1843 the careless student was expelled from the educational institution due to “low success” and “not going to class.” And yet, the years spent in the seminary were not in vain. Memories of Koltsov and Serebryansky were still fresh here, the spirit of poetry and freethinking still hovered within the government walls. Ivan Savvich, like other seminarians, was engrossed in Belinsky, Turgenev, and Pushkin. Very soon his comrades recognized him as a talented poet, and Professor Chekhov responded favorably to the first works of the aspiring poet.
Nikitin's exit from the seminary coincided with his father's ruin. Due to the introduction of a candle monopoly, Savva Evtikhievich sold his business and bought an inn, which he rented out, and he and his family huddled in the outbuilding. The candle shop remained, but it brought in almost no income. Driven by good intentions, his father was going to send Ivan to continue his education at the university, but unexpectedly Praskovya Ivanovna opposed this decision. She wanted her son to get married, settle down in Voronezh and start trading in his father’s shop. True, a suitable bride for Ivan was not found, but he still stood behind the counter for six months, until his mother’s death...
After the death of his wife, Savva Evtikhievich began to drink heavily. To earn a living, yesterday's seminarian Nikitin either goes with goods to Smolenskaya Square under a hail of ridicule from other traders, or tries to get a job as a clerk or clerk. Having suffered another failure, Ivan Savvich finally decides to pay off the tenant and begins to “janitor” himself (that is, run the inn’s housekeeping).
The poet's childhood
The life of Ivan Savvich Nikitin was not easy from the very beginning. But maybe if everything had turned out differently, fate would not have endowed him with talent.
Nikitin, the future poet, was born on October 3, 1824 in Voronezh, into a simple bourgeois family. His father was a candle merchant and made good money at that time. From an early age he was taught to read and write by his neighbor, a shoemaker. Nature brought the boy the greatest joy. For hours he could walk around the surrounding area, observing the changes in the land. The child’s closedness and detachment did not frighten the parents.
“I am glad for the autumn weather: the noise of the crowd is unbearable for me,” Nikitin Ivan Savvich later wrote.
The father had big plans for his son, so he sent him to study at the seminary. It was there that the boy first tried to write poetry.
Biography of Nikita Mikhalkov
Nikita Sergeevich Mikhalkov was born on October 21, 1945 in Moscow. He grew up in an intelligent family of a noble family.
His father, Sergei Mikhalkov, was a Soviet writer, poet and playwright. An interesting fact is that he is the author of the texts of the anthems of the USSR and the Russian Federation.
In addition, he was an excellent fabulist, journalist, war correspondent and translator.
Nikita Mikhalkov in childhood with his father
Nikita Mikhalkova's mother, Olga Mikhailovna, was a children's writer, poetess and translator.
In addition to Nikita, the parents had a son, Andrei (Konchalovsky), who in the future became a famous director.
Childhood and youth
Initially, Nikita Mikhalkov studied at a school with a mathematical bias, but it soon became clear that he had no ability for the exact sciences.
Nikita Mikhalkov in his youth
As a result, he began attending a regular school. The boy took an active part in public life and was seriously interested in art.
Soon, Nikita's parents sent him to a music school, where he studied piano.
At the same time, he went to the Stanislavsky Drama Theater. Since childhood, Nikita dreamed of becoming a famous actor.
In 1963, 18-year-old Mikhalkov successfully passed the exams at the famous Shchukin Theater School. Having completed his 4th year of study, he was expelled for filming a movie, as this was considered a serious violation.
After expulsion, Nikita Mikhalkov entered VGIK. Then, at the age of 26, he was drafted into the navy.
Having become a sailor, he actively participated in amateur performances, performing on stage in front of his colleagues.
