July 25, 1929 – October 2, 1974 (45 years)
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Shukshin Vasily Makarovich (1929–1974) - Soviet writer, screenwriter, film director, actor, Lenin Prize laureate, Honored Artist of the RSFSR. Known for his works about the Altai region. He made films based on his own scripts.
The material was prepared jointly with a teacher of the highest category, Kuchmina Nadezhda Vladimirovna.
Experience as a teacher of Russian language and literature - 27 years.
Childhood and youth
Vasily Makarovich Shukshin was born on July 25, 1929 in the village of Srostki, Altai Territory, into a peasant family. After graduating from the seven-year school in 1943, the future writer and director entered the automobile technical school in Biysk. After 2.5 years, Vasily Makarovich quits his studies and starts working on a collective farm. In 1946, he left his native village and worked as a mechanic at the Kaluga Turbine Plant, and then at the Vladimir Tractor Plant.
Since 1949, Shukshin has been conscripted into the Navy. At this time, the writer creates his first stories and shares them with colleagues. In 1953, Shukshin was transferred to the reserve due to a stomach ulcer. Vasily Makarovich returns to his native village of Srostki, takes external exams, receives a certificate of maturity and gets a job as a Russian language teacher at a local school.
Brief biography of Vasily Shukshin. The most important
Vasily Makarovich Shukshin is an outstanding Soviet writer, actor, director and screenwriter. Born on July 25, 1929 into a peasant family in the village of Srostki (Altai Territory). The writer's father was arrested and shot during collectivization. In 1943, after graduating from a seven-year school in the village, Shukshin entered the Automotive College in Biysk. Without finishing it, he went to work on a collective farm in his native village. From 1947 he worked in Kaluga, Vladimir, and then served in the Moscow region. After some time he was drafted into the Navy. Shukshin's first stories appeared during the army period. He wrote stories and then read them to his fellow soldiers. In 1953, the writer’s health deteriorated, and he was discharged from the navy, after which he went to his native village of Srostki. There he received a matriculation certificate as an external student and began teaching Russian in a rural school. A year later, I decided to enroll in the directing department at VGIK in Moscow. During his studies, he sent his stories to various magazines in the capital. So, in 1958, the first story by Vasily Makarovich entitled “Two on a Cart” appeared in the magazine “Smena”. In 1956, the writer made his film debut. It was the film “Quiet Don” by S. A. Gerasimov, in which he played a small episode. However, from this episode the cinematic career of Vasily Shukshin began. In 1964, the film “There Lives a Guy Like This” was released based on his script. This film won a prize at the Venice International Film Festival. One of the writer’s most striking works was the film story “Kalina Krasnaya” (1973). In his works, Shukshin often contrasts rural life with urban life and uses colorful colloquial speech. The writer died suddenly in October 1974 on the set of the film “They Fought for the Motherland.”
Creative activity
In 1954, Shukshin entered VGIK in the directing department. Vasily Makarovich played his first small role in 1956 in S. Gerasimov’s film “Quiet Don”. In 1958, Shukshin received the main role in the film “Two Fedoras”. In the same year, the writer’s story “Two on a Cart” was first published in the magazine “Smena”.
Since 1963, Vasily Shukshin, whose biography was varied in various professions, has been working as a director at the Central Committee for Children and Youth. Soon the magazine “New World” published the stories “Cool Driver”, “Grinka Malyugin” and the writer’s first book “Village Residents”.
In 1964, Shukshin’s first full-length film, “There Lives Such a Guy,” was completed, in which L. Kuravlev starred.
Vasily Makarovich Shukshin
SHUKSHIN, VASILY MAKAROVICH (1929−1974), Russian prose writer, playwright, film director, film actor. Born on July 25, 1929 in the village of Srostki, Biysk District, Altai Territory, into a peasant family. From his adolescence he worked on a collective farm in his homeland, then in production in Central Russia. From 1949 to 1952 he served in the navy. Upon his return, he worked as the director of an evening school in the village of Srostki. In 1954 he entered the directing department of VGIK, studied in the workshop of M. Romm. During his studies, Shukshin's classmates and friends were future famous directors - A. Tarkovsky, A. Mikhalkov-Konchalovsky, etc. As a student he began acting in films, and after graduating from the institute he made films based on his own scripts. The film Such a Guy Lives received in 1964 the highest award of the Venice International Film Festival - the Golden Lion of St. Mark." Shukshin's films Your son and brother, Call me into the bright distance, Strange people, Stove benches were a great success. The film Kalina Krasnaya was shot by Shukshin based on the film story of the same name, written in 1973. Shukshin’s cinematographic merits were awarded the Prize. Vasiliev brothers, USSR State Prize, Lenin Prize (posthumously). The heroes of Shukshin's films were most often village people who, for various reasons, ended up in the city. The theme of a village man, torn from his usual environment and not finding new support in life, became one of the main themes of Shukshin’s stories. In the film story Kalina the Red, it takes on a tragic sound: the loss of life guidelines breaks the fate of the main character, former thief and prisoner Yegor Prokudin, and leads him to death. In 1958, Shukshin’s first story was published in the magazine “Smena”, and in 1963 his first prose collection, Rural Residents, was published. During Shukshin's lifetime, collections of his stories There, Away (1968), Countrymen (1970), Characters (1973), Conversations under a Clear Moon (1974) were also published. The collection My Brother, prepared for publication, was published after the author’s death, in 1975. In total, Shukshin wrote 125 stories during his life. Shukshin’s stories, thematically related to “village prose,” differed from its main stream in that the author’s attention was focused not so much on the foundations of folk morality, but on the complex psychological situations in which the heroes found themselves. The city both attracted Shukshin’s hero as a center of cultural life, and repelled him with its indifference to the fate of an individual. Shukshin felt this situation as a personal drama. “So it turned out for me by the age of forty,” he wrote, “that I am not completely urban, and no longer rural. A terribly uncomfortable position. It’s not even between two chairs, but rather like this: one foot on the shore, the other in the boat. And it’s impossible not to swim, and it’s kind of scary to swim...” This complex psychological situation determined the unusual behavior of Shukshin’s heroes, whom he called “strange people,” “unlucky people.” The name “eccentric” (based on the story of the same name, 1967) has taken root in the minds of readers and critics. It is the “eccentrics” who are the main characters of the stories collected by Shukshin into one of his best collections, Characters. Each of the characters is named by name and surname - the author seems to emphasize their absolute authenticity in life. “Freaks” - Kolya Skalkin, who splashed ink on his boss’s suit (Zero-zero whole), Spiridon Rastorguev, trying to win the love of someone else’s wife (Suraz), etc. - do not cause the author’s condemnation. In the inability to express oneself, in the outwardly funny rebellion of the common man, Shukshin saw the spiritual content, distorted by meaningless reality and lack of culture, the despair of people who do not know how to resist everyday anger and aggressiveness. This is exactly how the hero of the story Obida Sashka Ermolaev appears. At the same time, Shukshin did not idealize his characters. In the story Srezal, he showed the village demagogue Gleb Kapustin, who takes pleasure in the fact that he manages to “click on the nose” of smart fellow villagers with a stupid statement. The non-resistance Makar Zherebtsov, the hero of the story of the same name, during the week taught the village people kindness and patience “with the understanding of many millions of people,” and on weekends he encouraged them to play dirty tricks on each other, explaining his behavior by the fact that his life’s purpose was “to give advice on a large scale.” give." In modern Russian literature, Shukshin's stories have remained a unique artistic phenomenon - original imagery and a lively, natural style in its simplicity. In the novel Lyubavina (1965), Shukshin showed the history of a large family, closely intertwined with the history of Russia in the 20th century. - in particular, during the Civil War. Both of these stories appeared full of such dramatic collisions that the publication of the second part of the novel became possible only during the period of perestroika, in 1987. Shukshin also failed to adapt the film adaptation of his novel about Stepan Razin I came to give you freedom (1971). Shukshin died in the village of Kletskaya, Volgograd region. October 2, 1974
Last works
In 1973, the writer’s collection “Characters” was published. In 1974, one of Shukshin’s most famous films, “Kalina Krasnaya,” was released. The film received first prize at the All-Union Festival.
Despite the fact that Vasily Makarovich suffered greatly from a stomach ulcer, the actor accepts S. Bondarchuk’s invitation to star in a new film. During the filming of the film “They Fought for the Motherland,” on October 2, 1974, Vasily Shukshin died. The director was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow.
Personal life
In Shukshin’s brief biography, it is important to highlight that the writer was married three times throughout his life. They married their first wife, fellow villager Maria Shumskaya, in 1955. In 1963, Shukshin married Victoria Sofronova, daughter of the writer A. Sofronov. They had a daughter, Ekaterina.
In 1964, Vasily Makarovich married Lydia Alexandrova (Chashchina). In the same year, the man met Lydia Fedoseeva. Shukshin couldn’t decide for a long time which woman to stay with, but in the end he chose Fedoseeva. They had two daughters - Maria and Olga.
Interesting Facts
- Shukshin's father was shot during collectivization when the boy was only 5 years old.
- The first wife did not want to give Vasily Makarovich a divorce, so in order to marry a second time, he had to lose his passport.
- In order for Shukshin to enter the Moscow VGIK, his mother had to sell the family’s greatest asset at that time - a cow.
- A characteristic feature of Shukshin’s work, according to critics, is the contrast between the colors of rural and city life.
“Life was hard for us”: the childhood years of the future writer
Vasily Shukshin with his mother Maria Popova. Illustration from the book “Shukshin” by Alexey Varlamov from the series “Life of Remarkable People”. Moscow: Publishing House "Young Guard", 2015
View of the village of Srostki and the house-museum of Vasily Shukshin (in the center). Photo: Viktor Sadchikov / TASS Photo Chronicle
Vasily Shukshin in childhood. 1942 Illustration from the book “Shukshin” by Alexey Varlamov from the series “Life of Remarkable People”. Moscow: Publishing House "Young Guard", 2015
Vasily Shukshin was born on July 25, 1929 in the village of Srostki, Siberian Territory of the RSFSR (today Altai Territory). His parents Makar Shukshin and Maria Popova were peasants and soon after the birth of their son they joined the local collective farm, where they worked. Vasily was the eldest child in the family. In 1931, the Shukshins had a daughter, Natalya.
In 1933, Makar Shukshin, at that time a thresher operator at the Flame of Communism collective farm, was arrested. He was accused of participating in an anti-Soviet conspiracy, damaging common property and crops. Maria Popova wrote: “They took my husband. They made up something stupid. They came in at night, he jumped out into the entryway, well, and in the entryway three people pounced on him. The guys were scared. Natalya is trembling all over, and Vasily bit his lip until it bled: Mom, where is Father going?” In April 1933, Makar Shukshin was shot.
At first, Maria Popova raised her children alone, and then she remarried, to fellow villager Pavel Kuksin. Vasily Shukshin called him “a man of rare heart,” kind and loving. The family lived poorly.
Life was apparently difficult for us then. They were malnourished. Mom went to work, and left my sister and me with our grandparents. That's where we ate. We suffered from hunger and cold. I have retained my love for my mother throughout my life. I was always terribly afraid that she would die: she was often ill. Then another father appeared in our hut. Life has become easier. And then the war broke out, and our other father was gone: he was killed on the Kursk Bulge. Hard times have come again.
Vasily Shukshin, “The Very First Memories”
In Srostki, Vasily Shukshin went to school. He studied poorly, but read a lot. His mother recalled: “He always had a book tucked under his belt in his trousers. I read it indiscriminately, in a row. I also read at night... once I burned a blanket.” Shukshin took books from school. Sometimes he had to do this in secret: when he got bad grades, his mother forbade him to read fiction.
At school, Shukshin was involved in amateur performances - every week he organized concerts and performed in them himself. At concerts, Shukshin read poetry and acted out skits. His classmate Valentina Bezmenova later wrote: “There was no such thing that our class did not prepare: Vasya insisted.”
