Brief contents of the works - Tynyanov Yu.N. - death of the Wazir-Mukhtar
Tynyanov Yu.N. - death of the Wazir-Mukhtar
On March 14, 1828, residents of the capital were notified of the conclusion of peace with Persia by a cannon shot from the Peter and Paul Fortress. The treatise on peace was brought from the headquarters of the Russian army in Tehran by collegiate adviser Griboyedov. At a reception with the Emperor, Griboedov is presented with the Order of Anna of the second degree with diamonds and four thousand chervonets, which he immediately gives to his mother Nastasya Fedorovna, a selfish spendthrift. Griboedov is indifferent to what is happening, he is dry and “yellow like a lemon.” A stranger to everyone, he maintains friendship only with “the funniest of all literary bastards” Thaddeus Bulgarin, which does not prevent him, however, from having a love affair with Thaddeus’s wife, Lenochka.
Griboyedov developed a project for transforming Transcaucasia not by force of arms, but by economic means, and proposed creating a unified society of capitalist producers there. He seeks support from Foreign Minister Nesselrode and Department Director Rodofinikin.
At the same time, Dr. McNeill, a member of the English mission in Tabriz, who is conducting his intrigues in Persia, manages to visit Rodofinikin. Through Makneil, Griboedov receives a letter from Samson Khan, a former sergeant-major Samson Makintsev, who converted to Islam in captivity and led a Russian battalion that participated in the war on the side of the Persians.
Samson Khan, along with other “voluntary prisoners,” does not want to return to his “former homeland.”
After an audience with Nicholas I, Griboyedov was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary of Russia in Persia and elevated to the rank of State Councilor. His project is hidden in a long box. At dinner with Bulgarin, Griboyedov reads excerpts from his new tragedy and talks with Pushkin.
The fast and successful Pushkin, despite his goodwill, causes irritation in Griboedov. The poet-diplomat leaves St. Petersburg with a feeling of resentment, realizing that by instructing him to receive an indemnity (“kurur”) from the Persians, the authorities are sending him “to be devoured.”
Griboyedov is accompanied everywhere by Sashka's servant, Alexander Gribov. In Yekaterinograd, they were joined by Maltsov, who was appointed secretary to Griboedov, and Doctor Adelung. In Tiflis, Griboedov meets his fiancee Nina Chavchavadze and receives a blessing for marriage from her parents.
At this time, a consolidated guards regiment comes here with trophies from Persia, which included many participants in the uprising on Senate Square in 1825.
Two officers talk about Griboedov, whom they saw on the terrace “in a gilded uniform,” and one of them condemns the author of “Woe from Wit,” who, in his opinion, has reached “the famous levels.”
In the Caucasus, Griboyedov visits the commander-in-chief Count Paskevich, who submits Griboyedov's project to the exiled Decembrist Burtsev for review.
But, alas, this liberal does not at all support his former like-minded person: “Because you want to create a new monetary aristocracy, I will ruin your project in every possible way.” Griboyedov suffers a severe fever, and then receives the highest order to leave Tiflis.
He marries Nina and leaves with her for Persia, where from now on he will be called Wazir-Mukhtar in accordance with his high rank.
Having taken up his new position, Griboyedov faces serious difficulties. The Persians, devastated by the war, are unable to pay the kurur. Paskevich, who is suffering failures in the Caucasus, demands the withdrawal of Russian subjects from Persia. Leaving Nina in Tabriz, Griboyedov goes to Tehran, where he introduces himself to the Persian Shah.
Living in a beautiful house befitting his rank, Vazir-Mukhtar increasingly feels loneliness and anxiety. The servant Sashka is brutally beaten at the market. Griboedov gives shelter to two women from the Caucasus, who were once kidnapped by the Persians and have now escaped from the harem.
The eunuch Khoja-Mirza-Yakub, an Armenian by origin and a former Russian subject, also finds refuge in the Russian embassy. All this causes acute hostility towards Wazir-Mukhtar on the part of adherents of Sharia. With the tacit consent of the Shah, they declare a holy war - "jahat" against the hated "kaafir with glasses."
Griboyedov instructs Secretary Maltsev to draw up a note about the unsafety for Russian citizens of further stay in Tehran. On the night of January thirtieth, 1829, he conducts a conversation “with his conscience, as with a person” - about unsuccessful service, about “failure” in literature, about his pregnant wife waiting for him.
Griboyedov is ready for death and is convinced that he honestly fulfilled his duty. He falls into a calm and deep sleep.
An ominous and noisy crowd is approaching Wazir-Mukhtar's house: mullahs, blacksmiths, merchants, thieves with severed hands. Griboyedov commands the Cossacks, but they can’t hold the defense for long. Brutal fanatics kill Khoja-Mirza-Yakub, Sashka, and Doctor Adelung. Only the cowardly secretary Maltsev manages to survive, bribing the Persian guards and hiding in a rolled up carpet.
Historical basis of the novel
On February 10 (22), 1828, in the village of Turkmanchay near Tabriz, a peace treaty was signed between the Russian Empire and Persia (Iran), and this treaty ended the Russian-Persian War of 1826-1828. Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov participated in the development of the terms of the treaty.
I. Kramskoy. Portrait of A.S. Griboyedov from a lithograph (1852) The treaty confirmed Russia’s territorial acquisitions under the Gulistan Peace Treaty of 1813. Under the Turkmanchay Treaty, the territories of Eastern Armenia also went to Russia: the Erivan and Nakhichevan khanates. Persia pledged not to interfere with the resettlement of Armenians to Russian borders. An indemnity of 20 million rubles was imposed on Persia. silver The parties exchanged missions at the envoy level.
Infantry General I.F. Paskevich and Prince Abbas Mirza at the signing of the peace treaty in Turkmanchay. The treaty was of great importance for the Armenians living in Persia, but had negative consequences for the future fate of Iran. The agreement formed the basis of Russian-Iranian relations until the October Socialist Revolution. Soon after the conclusion of the Turkmanchay Treaty, the Russian-Turkish War (1828-1829) began. Incited by Great Britain, the Iranian government tried to evade the terms of the treaty. Violations of the treaty by the Iranian government caused a number of protests from A. Griboedov, the Russian resident minister in Tehran. On February 11, 1829, an anti-Russian court group (closely associated with British agents and close to the Shah) organized and carried out a pogrom of the Russian mission, as a result of which Griboedov and 37 people in the embassy died. A.S. Griboyedov, together with a mission convoy of 35 Cossacks, resisted, but the forces were unequal. The entire mission convoy and Griboyedov himself died in the battle. The body of the diplomat, mutilated beyond recognition, was allegedly identified by the remains of the embassy uniform and the wound received in a duel with A.I. Yakubovich in 1818. Of the entire Russian embassy, only the secretary of the mission, Maltsov, escaped (there are conflicting opinions about the reasons for his rescue). Griboedov's body was transported to the Russian Empire and buried in Tiflis on Mount Mtatsminda.
At the grave of Alexander Griboedov, his widow, Nina Chavchavadze, erected a monument with the inscription: “Your mind and deeds are immortal in Russian memory, but why did my love survive you!” The remains of 35 Cossacks who defended the mission were buried in a mass grave in the courtyard of the Armenian Church of St. Tatevos under construction in Tehran. The massacre at the Tehran embassy caused a diplomatic scandal. The Shah sent his grandson Khozrev Mirza to St. Petersburg to settle relations with Russia. His task was to achieve acceptance of an apology for the murder of the ambassador and mitigation of the burden of indemnity. He presented Russian Emperor Nicholas I with rich gifts, among which was the famous Shah diamond. Result: the massacre did not cause serious complications in relations between Russia and Persia, and the payment of indemnity was postponed for 5 years. Nicholas I, having accepted the diamond, said to Khozrev Mirza: “I consign the ill-fated Tehran incident to eternal oblivion.”
Y. Tynyanov “The Death of Vazir-Mukhtar”
Extracts from works according to the list of references.
-Rebellion and women were the voluptuousness of poetry and even the words of everyday conversation. This is also where death came from, from rebellion and women.
For people who died before their time, death came suddenly, like love, like rain.
-The Turkmenchay world was going to St. Petersburg and could only stop for two days in Moscow while passing through, but mamma pouted yesterday when Alexander said that he was going in the morning - he could have stayed another day in Moscow. He stayed late. She looked at her son in a special way this time.
— Sonechka grew up, began to resemble her mother, the late Princess Justiniani, and married Colonel Muravyov. The colonel was middle-aged, overweight, and grumpy, but the solidity of his character immediately melted away in some dark corner, and he began calling Praskovya Nikolaevna: “mama.” Occasionally he came to his senses and grumbled.
- Soldiers! You had the opportunity to erase the stain of your momentary delusion and seal your loyalty to the legitimate government by shedding blood during the first military action!
They were wearing dusty boots, with sallow faces, so different in color from the general’s face, as if they and the general belonged to different nations.
-A shadow pressed against the fence, right opposite Nina’s little light. Griboyedov examined the magnificent tie. The young assessor looked at Nina’s window.
Griboyedov got angry. He wanted to go up to the assessor and drive him away, to say that this was indecent. The assessor did not notice him. But, seeing the assessor’s face, Griboyedov stopped.
It was a short human face, with a mustache and sideburns, but it was so drawn to the light in the window, so forgot about itself that Griboedov himself began to look out of Ninino’s window.
Sometimes there were flashes of forehead, hair, moving hands were visible, but the whole face, the whole figure was not visible. Nina didn’t look out the window even once, she was busy with something.
— Boredom was everywhere. States were built and arranged like rooms to fill boredom. Wars arose because of it and theatrical performances. People fought duels, pimped and slandered, all because of her, because of boredom.
— In Qazvin itself, Mr. Rustam-bek forcibly took away from the seid a Russian Armenian woman, who already had two children from the seid and who was crying loudly and did not want to go over to the Russians.
Mr. Griboyedov, having learned about this, immediately ordered her to be released. He drives madly fast and drives the horses. “The snow here is deep, the roads are disgusting, and I don’t know, dear doctor, when I can come to you.
Maybe we’ll be able to leave in a week.”
“Very well,” said Dr. McNeill, having finished reading, “you can go or not go.”
“When Samson found out that Griboyedov was seeking a death warrant for his extradition, he didn’t say anything to anyone. He just pulled himself up, tied himself up tighter and went to inspect his house for some reason.
- “What are you bringing?” - he remembered.
- “Mushroom eater.”
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