Chronological table of Turgenev's life and work

1818 , October 28 (November 9) - born in Orel into a noble family.
He spent his childhood on his mother’s family estate, Spasskoye-Lutovinovo, Oryol province. 1822–1823 – trip abroad of the entire Turgenev family along the route: p. Spasskoye, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Narva, Riga, Memel, Koenigsberg, Berlin, Dresden, Carlsbad, Augsburg, Konstanz, . Kyiv, Orel, Mtsensk. The Turgenevs lived in Paris for six months.

1827 – The Turgenevs move to Moscow, where they buy a house on Samotek. Ivan Turgenev was placed in the Weidenhammer boarding house, where he stayed for about two years.

1829 , August - Ivan and Nikolai Turgenev are placed in the boarding house of the Armenian Institute. November - Ivan Turgenev leaves the boarding school and continues his educational training with home teachers - Pogorelov, Dubensky, Klyushnikov.

1833–1837 – studies at Moscow (faculty of literature) and St. Petersburg (philological department of the faculty of philosophy) universities.

1834, December – finishes work on the poem “Wall”.

1836 , April 19 (May 1) - present at the first performance of “The Inspector General” in St. Petersburg. End of the year - submits the poem “Wall” for consideration by P. A. Pletnev. After a condescending review, he gives him a few more poems.

1837 - A.V. Nikitenko sends his literary works: “The Wall”, “The Old Man’s Tale”, “Our Century”. He reports that he has three completed small poems: “Calm on the Sea”, “Phantasmagoria on a Midsummer Night”, “Dream” and about a hundred small poems.

1838 , beginning of April - the book is published. I of Sovremennik, in it: the poem “Evening” (signature: “—in”). May 15 (27) – went abroad on the steamship “Nikolai”. E. Tyutcheva, the first wife of the poet F.I. Tyutchev, P.A. Vyazemsky and D. Rosen left on the same ship. Beginning of October - the book is published. 4 “Contemporaries”, in it: the poem “To the Venus of Medicine” (signature “-въ”).

1838–1841 – studies at the University of Berlin.

1839, end of December - meeting with Lermontov in St. Petersburg at an evening with the prince. Shakhovskaya and at the masquerade in the Noble Assembly, on New Year's Eve.

1843 – acquaintance with V.G. Belinsky and Polina Viardot. November - the poems “On the Road (Foggy morning, gray morning...)” (“Variations”) and “On a summer night, when full of anxious sadness” were written. "

1846 – the poems were written: “On the Alban Mountains. ", "I climbed the green hill...", "Russian".

1847 , early January - in the book. 1 Sovremennik published the story “Khor and Kalinich”. The beginning of May - in the book. 5. Sovremennik published the stories “My Neighbor Radilov”, “Ovsyannikov’s One-Dvorets”, “Lgov”, “Yermolai and the Miller’s Wife”. Beginning of October - in the book. 10 Sovremennik published the stories “The Burmist” and “The Office”.

1848, beginning of February - in the book. 2 Sovremennik published the stories “Raspberry Water”, “District Doctor”, “Biryuk”, “Swan”.

1850 - comedy “A Month in the Country” (it predicts some features of Chekhov’s drama). Over ten years (1843 - 1852) about a dozen scenes and comedies were written.

1852 – the first edition of the collection “Notes of a Hunter” is published. Publication of an obituary on the death of N.V. Gogol, exile to the family estate Spasskoye-Lutovinovo. The story “Mumu”.

1856 – novel “Rudin” (magazine “Sovremennik”, No. 1-2), story “Faust”.

1857 – the story “Asya” (the key rendez-vous situation for Turgenev’s works).

1859 – publication of the novel “The Noble Nest” (Sovremennik magazine, No. 1).

1860-e g.g. - novel “On the Eve”. Break with the Sovremennik magazine.

1862 – novel “Fathers and Sons” (magazine “Russian Bulletin”, No. 2).

1864 - story “Ghosts”.

1865 - story “Enough”.

1867 – novel “Smoke” (magazine “Russian Herald”, No. 3).

1876 – novel “New” (magazine “Bulletin of Europe”, No. 1-2).

1881, June - participation in the Pushkin holiday.

1883, August 22 (September 3) - died in Bougival near Paris, buried in the Volkov cemetery in St. Petersburg.

Childhood and youth

The family life of the elder Turgenevs did not work out right away. Sergei Nikolaevich had nothing except belonging to an old noble family. After his marriage, he immediately retired. His wife was a wealthy landowner; she owned vast lands in the Oryol province. They were completely opposite to each other:

No matter how different little Ivan’s parents were, they were united in one thing - their children should receive the best education.

Little Ivan

The future writer’s mother had an extremely tough temper.

She harshly punished serfs for the slightest offenses.

Little Ivan and his older brother got it too.

A briefly compiled biography of Turgenev by date will give a three-dimensional picture of the childhood and youth of the future writer:


October 28, 1818	A second child was born into the Turgenev family, he was named Ivan.
1822	The whole family goes on a trip to Europe.
1827	Moving to Moscow for children to receive education. Initially, Ivan was assigned to the Weidenhammer boarding school, then transferred to another; for his studies he was enrolled in the Lazarev Institute, but after 2 years he was expelled. Private teachers began to come to the house.
1833	Entered the Faculty of Literature at Moscow University. In the same year, a third child was born into the Turgenev family - daughter Varvara.
1834	Moving to St. Petersburg and transferring to the leading university of St. Petersburg at the Faculty of Philosophy. This is due to the entry of his older brother into the Guards artillery.

First creative attempts

The future writer entered university when he was only 15 years old. It was there that he began to write short poetic works. The first critics were teachers and a few fellow students.

date	Event
October 30, 1834	Father, Sergei Nikolaevich Turgenev, died.
1834	Ivan creates his first dramatic work, the poem “Wall”. His literature professor Pletnev criticized what he had written, but inspired him to write new ones.
1836	Completion of university studies. The first job is translations. His passion for hunting develops into a real passion that will remain with him until the end of his life.
Autumn 1837	Received a PhD degree. He continues to write poetry, several poems are ready for publication.
1837	Acquaintance with the poet Koltsov, historian and writer Nikitenko, Lermontov.
1838	Moving to Germany, entering the University of Berlin. Acquaintance with Granovsky, Stankevich, Bakunin (future revolutionary). Former teacher Pletnev publishes Turgenev's poems in Sovremennik.
April 1838	Poem "Evening".
May 1939	Fire on the family estate Spassk-Lutovinovo.
July 1840	Meeting Bakunin.

After graduating from St. Petersburg University, Ivan Sergeevich is actively involved in translations and publishes poetry. Subsequently, he did not like to remember his first literary experiences. The writer’s chronographs agree with him on this: poems of that time can only be of interest to literary historians.

One of the important events on the path of life is meeting Afanasy Alifanov . Turgenev bought this serf from one of the landowners.

Afanasy was not only a professional hunter, but also an excellent storyteller, who later became the prototype of Ermolai in “Notes of a Hunter.”

Chronological table of Turgenev

Turgenev's chronological table is an excellent tool for studying and consolidating knowledge on the topic. The life and work of Turgenev in a chronological table will allow the student to get acquainted with the important stages of the writer’s creative path.

For the convenience of users, Turgenev’s biography in a table (by date) divides the author’s life into specific periods of his life. Each of them left their mark on the author’s works, ranging from youthful minimalism to more mature works.

Those who have read the information briefly can go to the appropriate section, where the full version of Turgenev’s biography is presented.

1818, October 28 (November 9) - Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev, a famous Russian writer, was born.

1827 – The Turgenev family, in order to give their children a decent education, moved to Moscow, where the father bought a house.

1833 – Ivan Turgenev became a student at the famous Moscow University at the Faculty of Literature.

1834 – The elder brother entered military service in the Guards Artillery Regiment, and the family moved to St. Petersburg;

Ivan Turgenev transferred to St. Petersburg University to the Faculty of Philosophy;

The dramatic poem "The Wall" was written.

1836 – Completed the course as a full student

1837 – More than a hundred small poems were created;

There was a short and unexpected meeting with A.S. Pushkin.

1838 – Turgenev made his poetic debut, publishing his poem “Evening” in the Sovremennik magazine;

Turgenev passed the exam for his candidate's degree and went to Germany. Here he became close to Stankevich.

1839 – Returned to Russia.

1840 – I went abroad again, visited Germany, Italy and Austria.

1841 – I returned to Lutovinovo, here I became interested in the seamstress Dunyasha.

1842 – Turgenev applied for admission to exams for the degree of Master of Philosophy at Moscow University, but the request was rejected;

passed the exam for a Master of Philosophy at the University of St. Petersburg;

Dunyasha had a daughter, Pelageya (Polina), from Turgenev;

At the insistence of his mother, Turgenev began serving in the office of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. But the clerical service did not appeal to him, and he never became an official. And so, after serving for a year and a half, he retired.

1843 – Turgenev wrote the poem “Parasha”, which was highly appreciated by Belinsky. Since then, a friendship began between the writer and critic

1843, autumn - Turgenev met Polina Viardot, who came to St. Petersburg on tour.

1843, November 1 - Turgenev was introduced to Polina herself.

1846 – Participates together with Nekrasov in updating Sovremennik;

The stories “Breter” and “Three Portraits” were written.

1847 – Together with Belinsky he goes abroad;

finally stops writing poetry and switches to prose.

1848 – While in Paris, the writer finds himself in the epicenter of revolutionary events.

1849 - “Bachelor.”

1850-1852 – Lives either in Russia or abroad. Lives in the Viardot Family, Polina is raising his daughter.

1852 – “Notes of a Hunter” has been published.

1856 - “Rudin.”

1859 – The novel “The Noble Nest” was created.

1860 - “The day before”;

the story “First Love” was written;

Sovremennik published an article written by N. Dobrolyubov, “When will the real day come?”, in which criticism was made of the novel “On the Eve” and Turgenev’s work in general;

Turgenev stopped collaborating with Sovremennik and stopped communicating with Nekrasov.

1862 - "Fathers and Sons".

1867 – The novel “Smoke” was published.

1874 – The famous bachelor dinners with the participation of Edmond Goncourt, Flaubert, Emile Zola, Daudet and Turgenev are held in the restaurants of Riche or Pele.

1877 – The novel “Nov” was created.

1879 – The writer was awarded the honorary title of Doctor of Oxford University.

1880 – Turgenev took part in the Celebrations dedicated to the opening in Moscow of the first monument to the great Russian poet A.S. Pushkin.

1883, August 22 (September 3) - Turgenev died of myxosarcoma. His body, according to his will, was transported to St. Petersburg and buried in the Volkov cemetery.

Biography test

A brief biography of Turgenev will be remembered much better if you pass this short test:

Question 1 of 12
Years of Turgenev's life:
- 1799-1837
1809-1852
1818-1883

(new inset)

Those who have read the information briefly can go to the appropriate section, where the full version of Turgenev’s biography is presented.

1818, October 28 (November 9) - Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev, a famous Russian writer, was born.

1827 – The Turgenev family, in order to give their children a decent education, moved to Moscow, where the father bought a house.

1833 – Ivan Turgenev became a student at the famous Moscow University at the Faculty of Literature.

1834 – The elder brother entered military service in the Guards Artillery Regiment, and the family moved to St. Petersburg;

Ivan Turgenev transferred to St. Petersburg University to the Faculty of Philosophy;

The dramatic poem "The Wall" was written.

1836 – Completed the course as a full student

1837 – More than a hundred small poems were created;

There was a short and unexpected meeting with A.S. Pushkin.

1838 – Turgenev made his poetic debut, publishing his poem “Evening” in the Sovremennik magazine;

Turgenev passed the exam for his candidate's degree and went to Germany. Here he became close to Stankevich.

1839 – Returned to Russia.

1840 – I went abroad again, visited Germany, Italy and Austria.

1841 – I returned to Lutovinovo, here I became interested in the seamstress Dunyasha.

1842 – Turgenev applied for admission to exams for the degree of Master of Philosophy at Moscow University, but the request was rejected;

passed the exam for a Master of Philosophy at the University of St. Petersburg;

Dunyasha had a daughter, Pelageya (Polina), from Turgenev;

1843 – Turgenev wrote the poem “Parasha”, which was highly appreciated by Belinsky. Since then, a friendship began between the writer and critic

1843, autumn - Turgenev met Polina Viardot, who came to St. Petersburg on tour.

1843, November 1 - Turgenev was introduced to Polina herself.

1846 – Participates together with Nekrasov in updating Sovremennik;

The stories “Breter” and “Three Portraits” were written.

1847 – Together with Belinsky he goes abroad;

finally stops writing poetry and switches to prose.

1848 – While in Paris, the writer finds himself in the epicenter of revolutionary events.

1849 - “Bachelor.”

1850-1852 – Lives either in Russia or abroad. Lives in the Viardot Family, Polina is raising his daughter.

1852 – “Notes of a Hunter” has been published.

1856 - “Rudin.”

1859 – The novel “The Noble Nest” was created.

1860 - “The day before”;

the story “First Love” was written;

Sovremennik published an article written by N. Dobrolyubov, “When will the real day come?”, in which criticism was made of the novel “On the Eve” and Turgenev’s work in general;

Turgenev stopped collaborating with Sovremennik and stopped communicating with Nekrasov.

1862 - "Fathers and Sons".

1867 – The novel “Smoke” was published.

1874 – The famous bachelor dinners with the participation of Edmond Goncourt, Flaubert, Emile Zola, Daudet and Turgenev are held in the restaurants of Riche or Pele.

1877 – The novel “Nov” was created.

1879 – The writer was awarded the honorary title of Doctor of Oxford University.

1880 – Turgenev took part in the Celebrations dedicated to the opening in Moscow of the first monument to the great Russian poet A.S. Pushkin.

1883, August 22 (September 3) - Turgenev died of myxosarcoma. His body, according to his will, was transported to St. Petersburg and buried in the Volkov cemetery.

Chronological table of Ivan Turgenev

For the convenience of readers, Turgenev’s biography in a table (by date) divides the author’s life into specific periods of his life. Each of them left their mark on the author’s works, ranging from youthful minimalism to more mature works.

Those who have read the information briefly

, can go to the appropriate section, where
the full version of Turgenev’s biography
.

1818, October 28 (November 9) - Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev, a famous Russian writer, was born.

1827 - The Turgenev family, in order to give their children a decent education, moved to Moscow, where the father bought a house.

1833 - Ivan Turgenev became a student at the famous Moscow University at the Faculty of Literature.

1834 - The elder brother entered military service in the Guards Artillery Regiment, and the family moved to St. Petersburg;

Ivan Turgenev transferred to St. Petersburg University to the Faculty of Philosophy;

The dramatic poem "The Wall" was written.

1836 – Finished the course, receiving the degree of a full student

1837 – More than a hundred small poems were created;

There was a short and unexpected meeting with A.S. Pushkin.

1838 - Turgenev made his poetic debut, publishing his poem “Evening” in the Sovremennik magazine;

Turgenev passed the exam for his candidate's degree and went to Germany. Here he became close to Stankevich.

1839 – Returned to Russia.

1840 – He went abroad again, visited Germany, Italy and Austria.

1841 – Returned to Lutovinovo, here he became interested in the seamstress Dunyasha.

1842 - Turgenev applied for admission to exams for the degree of Master of Philosophy at Moscow University, but the request was rejected;

passed the exam for a Master of Philosophy at the University of St. Petersburg;

Dunyasha had a daughter, Pelageya (Polina), from Turgenev;

1843 – Turgenev wrote the poem “Parasha”, which was highly appreciated by Belinsky. Since then, a friendship began between the writer and critic

1843, autumn - Turgenev met Polina Viardot, who came to St. Petersburg on tour.

1843, November 1 - Turgenev was introduced to Polina herself.

1846 – Participates together with Nekrasov in updating Sovremennik;

The stories “Breter” and “Three Portraits” were written.

1847 – Together with Belinsky, he goes abroad;

finally stops writing poetry and switches to prose.

1848 – While in Paris, the writer finds himself at the epicenter of revolutionary events.

1850-1852 – Lives either in Russia or abroad. Lives in the Viardot Family, Polina is raising his daughter.

1852 – “Notes of a Hunter” published.

1859 – The novel “The Noble Nest” was created.

the story “First Love” was written;

Sovremennik published an article written by N. Dobrolyubov, “When will the real day come?”, in which criticism was made of the novel “On the Eve” and Turgenev’s work in general;

Turgenev stopped collaborating with Sovremennik and stopped communicating with Nekrasov.

1862 – “Fathers and Sons.”

1867 – The novel “Smoke” was published.

1874 – The famous bachelor dinners with the participation of Edmond Goncourt, Flaubert, Emile Zola, Daudet and Turgenev are held in the restaurants of Riche or Pele.

1877 – The novel “Nov” was created.

1879 – The writer was awarded the honorary title of Doctor of Oxford University.

1880 - Turgenev participated in the Celebrations dedicated to the opening in Moscow of the first monument to the great Russian poet A. S. Pushkin.

1883, August 22 (September 3) - Turgenev died of myxosarcoma. His body, according to his will, was transported to St. Petersburg and buried in the Volkov cemetery.

Key dates in the life and work of I.S. Turgenev

1818, October 28 (November 9, new style) - Birth of I. S. Turgenev, “in Orel, in his house at 12 o’clock in the morning.”

1833, September 20 - Turgenev was accepted as a self-employed student in the verbal department of the Faculty of Philosophy of Moscow University.

1834, July 18 - Turgenev is transferred to the Faculty of Philosophy of St. Petersburg University.

1834, October 30 - Death of father.

1837, autumn - Receives a candidate's degree.

1838, early April - Publication of Sovremennik No. 1 with Turgenev’s poem “Evening”.

1839, May - News of a fire in Spassky-Lutovinovo.

1839, August - November - Turgenev in Spassky-Lutovinovo.

1840, February - early May - Travel through Italy, friendly relations with Stankevich.

1840, June 24 - Stankevich died in Italy, in the city of Novi.

1840, July 20 - Turgenev meets M. A. Bakunin.

1841, spring - Turgenev finishes his studies at the University of Berlin and returns to Russia.

1841, summer - In Spassky-Lutovinovo, Turgenev becomes close to A.E. Ivanova.

1841, October 10–16 - Turgenev visits Premukhino. The beginning of a love affair with T. A. Bakunina.

1842, April - May - Passes master's exams in philosophy and Latin literature at St. Petersburg University.

1843, end of February - Meeting Belinsky.

1843, April - Publication of a separate edition of the poem “Parasha”.

1843, June 8 - Turgenev enlisted in the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

1843, November 1 - Turgenev meets Pauline Viardot.

1844, summer - Close rapprochement between Turgenev and Belinsky. Meeting Nekrasov.

1845, April 18 - Turgenev resigns from service in the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

1845, around May 10 - Turgenev leaves for France with the Viardot family.

1845, November - Turgenev returns to Russia. Meets Dostoevsky.

1846 - Publication of the “Petersburg Collection” with Turgenev’s story “Three Portraits” and the poem “The Landowner”.

1846, end of the year - The Sovremennik magazine passes into the hands of Nekrasov and Panaev.

1847 - The essay “Khor and Kalinich” from “Notes of a Hunter” was published in the first book of Sovremennik.

1847, January - Turgenev goes abroad.

1847, May - July - Turgenev and Belinsky rest in Salzbrunn.

1848, May 26 - Belinsky died in St. Petersburg.

1848, March - December - Friendly rapprochement between Turgenev and Herzen.

1850, June 17 - Turgenev leaves Paris for Russia.

1850, November 16 - Turgenev's mother died in Moscow.

1852, February 24 - Turgenev learns of Gogol's death.

1852, April 16 - Arrest of Turgenev.

1852, May 18 - After a month's imprisonment, Turgenev was exiled to Spasskoye-Lutovinovo under police supervision.

1852, August - News of the publication of a separate edition of “Notes of a Hunter”.

1853, March - Turgenev’s secret ten-day trip to Moscow for a meeting with P. Viardot.

1853, November 23 - End of Spassk exile.

1854, June - July - Hobby of the writer O. A. Turgeneva.

1854, autumn - Turgenev hunts with Nekrasov in Spassky-Lutovinovo.

1855, January - Turgenev at the anniversary of Moscow University, visits Granovsky, A. N. Ostrovsky, Aksakov.

1855, May - June - Botkin, Grigorovich, Druzhinin visit Spassky-Lutovinovo.

1855, October 7 - Turgenev at Granovsky’s funeral.

1855, November 19 - L.N. Tolstoy returns from Sevastopol and stays at Turgenev’s apartment in St. Petersburg.

1856, January - February - Publication of the novel "Rudin" in Sovremennik.

1856, summer - Turgenev’s trips to Pokrovskoye to see M.N. Tolstoy. Work on the story "Faust".

1856, mid-October - Turgenev leaves for France.

1857 - Disagreement with Pauline Viardot.

1857, October 5 - Turgenev leaves with Botkin from Paris to Rome.

1858, May 27 - Turgenev leaves for Russia.

1859 - The novel “The Noble Nest” is published in the first issue of Sovremennik.

1859, April 29 - Turgenev leaves abroad.

1859, from May 21 to 25 - Turgenev in London. Communication with Herzen.

1859, mid-September - Turgenev returns to St. Petersburg, then to Spasskoye-Lutovinovo. Working on the novel “On the Eve”.

1860 - The novel “On the Eve” is published in the first and second issues of “Russian Messenger” by M. N. Katkov. Turgenev's quarrel with Nekrasov and his departure from the editorial office of the Sovremennik magazine.

1860, March 29 - Arbitration between Turgenev and Goncharov.

1860, April 24 - Turgenev’s departure abroad.

1860, July 27 - Meeting in London with A. I. Herzen.

1860, August - A formal list of characters in the novel “Fathers and Sons”, compiled by Turgenev during sea swimming in Ventnor on the Isle of Wight.

1861, April 30 - Turgenev returns to his homeland.

1861, May 27 - Turgenev’s quarrel with L.N. Tolstoy on the estate of Feta Stepanovka.

1861, July 30 - Turgenev completes work on the novel “Fathers and Sons.”

1861, September - Turgenev arrives in Paris.

1862 - Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” is published in the February book of the Russian Messenger.

1862, May - Turgenev’s meeting in London with Bakunin and Herzen.

1862, May 25 - Turgenev’s arrival in St. Petersburg.

1862, October 15 - Turgenev returns to Paris.

1863, May 3 - Turgenev settles in Baden-Baden.

1864, January - Turgenev’s arrival in St. Petersburg on an official summons to the Senate.

1864, February 28 - Return of Turgenev to Baden-Baden.

1865, February 13 - Wedding of Turgenev's daughter.

1867, February 26 - Turgenev brings the novel “Smoke” to St. Petersburg.

1867, mid-April - The third book of the “Russian Messenger” is published with Turgenev’s novel “Smoke”.

1867, August - Dostoevsky's quarrel with Turgenev in Baden-Baden.

1870, January 10 - Turgenev learns in Baden-Baden about the death of Herzen.

1870, July 3 - With the beginning of the Franco-Prussian War, Turgenev, together with the Viardot family, leaves Baden-Baden and moves to England.

1871, February 13 - Turgenev arrives in St. Petersburg. He meets Stasov and reads the story “The Burmist” at the artists’ club.

1871, November - Turgenev and the Viardot family move to Paris.

1873, July - Turgenev, together with the Viardot family, rents the country villa "Ash" in Bougival.

1874, April 2 - Beginning of the “dinners of five” (Turgenev, E. Goncourt, Daudet, Zola and Flaubert).

1874, June 19–26 - Yu. P. Vrevskaya visits Turgenev in Spassky-Lutovinovo.

1877 - Turgenev’s novel “Nov” is published in the January and February issues of “Bulletin of Europe”.

1878, August 8 and 9 - Turgenev visits Tolstoy in Yasnaya Polyana.

1879, January - Turgenev receives news of his brother's death and travels to Russia.

1879 - March - Honoring Turgenev in Moscow and St. Petersburg. The writer's decision to return to Russia.

1879, from June 3 to 10 - Turgenev in England to receive the degree of Doctor of Common Character from the University of Oxford.

1880, June - Turgenev’s participation in the Pushkin festival in Moscow.

1881, summer - Turgenev’s last visit to Spasskoye. Visit to Spassky by L.N. Tolstoy, D.V. Grigorovich, M.G. Savina.

1883, August 22 - Death of Turgenev.

1883, September 19 - Seeing off the body of Turgenev in St. Petersburg at the North Station in Paris.

1883, September 27 - Turgenev’s funeral in St. Petersburg at the Volkov cemetery.

This text is an introductory fragment.

Chronological table of Turgenev

Monday, February 13, 2021

Category: Culture

Tags: writer, playwright, poet

Author of the article: olga_best

The great professional writer of classical Russian literature did not limit himself to the Russian reader. He conquered and became the favorite of all of Europe.
For convenience, all the described events that took place in the life of the Russian classic are divided into three subheadings.

The information is not divided into the personal life and work of the writer, and gives a complete picture of the life of Ivan Sergeevich.

Childhood and youth

Ivan Turgenev was born here

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October 28 (November 18), 1818 - in the city of Orel, Oryol province, in a family belonging to an old family, a boy was born to Sergei Nikolaevich Turgenev, a retired officer, and Varvara Petrovna Turgeneva, née Lutovinova, a wealthy noblewoman. This was the second child in the family. They named him Ivan.

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1822 - the family traveled around Europe. On one of the trips, in the city of Bern, while visiting the zoo, little Ivan almost died. At the last second, the father managed to grab the prankster by the leg and prevented him from sliding into the moat with the bears.

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1827 - the family moves to live in Moscow. This step is made specifically to give children a good education. At first, the Weidenhammer boarding school was designated for the boy’s education; later the child moved to another boarding school and continued his studies at the Lazarev Institute. In addition, good home teachers were constantly hired for the children.

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1833 - admission to Moscow University. The Faculty of Literature was chosen for training. Another child appeared in the family - Ivan’s half-sister. She was given the name of her godfather - Zhitova Varvara. She, like all the children in the family, received an excellent education and loved her brother very much.

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1834 - move to St. Petersburg and transfer to St. Petersburg University. The move was associated with the entry of his older brother into the Guards artillery. This year Ivan lost his father. The young man tries himself in literature and his first dramatic poem “Sten” appears. Professor Pletnev analyzed the work quite strictly, but managed to inspire the young poet to write new works.

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1836 - University studies completed. He begins to publish and does translations. Around these years, the young man's hobby - hunting - develops into a passion. And meeting Afanasy Alifanov cements this passion. This serf was ransomed by Turgenev. The writer became friends with a wonderful hunter and storyteller. He became the prototype of Ermolai in “Notes of a Hunter”.

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1837 - Candidate's degree received. He actively writes poetry and has several poems ready. This year there was a fleeting meeting with Pushkin. During the same period, acquaintances took place with the literary historian A.V. Nikitenko, the poet Alexei Koltsov, and Lermontov.

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1838 - moves to Germany. He continues to study and improve himself at the University of Berlin and independently. The young man spent his evenings with the Frolov family, where Granovsky and Stankevich became his friends. They talked about God, about truth, about the future of humanity, about poetry. At the same time, Turgenev’s former teacher, Pletnev, published his student’s poems in the Sovremennik magazine.

Youth

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1840 - the young author does not sit still, he visits Italy and Austria.

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1841 - returned to Russia. Started working at the Ministry of Internal Affairs. While visiting his estate, Turgenev became interested in a simple girl, Avdotya Ermolaeva. Having learned about her pregnancy, he decided to get married, but his mother upset this wedding, considering it a misalliance. Turgenev told the reader about this tragedy in his novel “The Noble Nest.”

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1842 - defended his degree at St. Petersburg University and became a master. Avdotya Ermolaeva gave birth to a girl, who was named Pelageya. The inability to resist the mother, heavy thoughts, resulted in the sad poems “Foggy morning, gray morning”, subsequently repeatedly used for romance.

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1843 - the poem “Parasha” was completed. From the reading and evaluation of this work by Vissarion Belinsky, friendly relations began between the writers, which grew into real friendship. Turgenev was introduced to the Spanish-French singer Pauline Viardot. This young lady was married. Biographers have not found a single confirmation of the connection between Polina and Ivan Sergeevich. Some believe that the only evidence of their connection is that he followed her throughout Europe, and she took his illegitimate daughter to raise. The writer’s mother did not like the singer very much and called her a “damned gypsy.”

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1843 - the stories “Breter” and “Three Portraits” were written.

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1847 - biographers believe that this year marks the beginning of the flowering of the author’s work. There is a creative rapprochement with Pavel Annenkov and Nikolai Nekrasov. All of them participated in the transformation of Sovremennik. “Notes of a Hunter” begins to be published.

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1848 - long life in Paris without moving. The work is progressing well, the comedy “Freeloaders” and “Where it’s thin is where it breaks” have been written.

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1849 - the one-act play “Breakfast at the Leader”, “The Bachelor” appeared.

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1850 - the road of life again leads to Russia. The play “A Month in the Villages” was written. This year the writer’s mother died, although he did not attend the funeral. The inheritance was divided between the two brothers - it was a substantial fortune with a large number of serfs. The writer was a kind gentleman - he pitied the serfs and tried to make their lives easier. Turgenev's daughter was transported to the Viardot family. At the age of eight, as a pupil, Pelageya lives abroad, here she is called Polinette.

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1852 - the writer fell into disgrace because of his obituary on the death of Gogol. The exile to his native village lasted two years; he did not have the right to live in the capital. Arriving at his own estate, the master has something to do. Reading books, playing chess, and, of course, hunting. Here he wrote the story "Mumu".

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1854 - “Notes of a Hunter” translated by Ernest Charrière is published in Germany as a separate edition. Ivan Sergeevich did not like the translation and expressed a public protest.

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1855 - rapprochement with Leo Tolstoy occurs and the story “Cutting the Forest” is dedicated to him.

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1856 - the first novel "Rudin" is published. This year is rich in travel. The writer travels throughout Europe.

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1859 - Sovremennik magazine gives life to the novel “The Noble Nest”.

Mature years

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1861 - Turgenev, who was visiting Afanasy Fet, had a quarrel with Leo Tolstoy. Relations between the two prose writers became so tense that they almost led to a duel. Relations with Fyodor Dostoevsky and Ivan Goncharov also became complicated.

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1862 - the novel “Fathers and Sons” is published in the Russian Bulletin.

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1863 - the writer settles in Baden-Baden. He was engaged in promoting Russian literature abroad.

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1867 - the scandalous novel “Smoke” was published. Only the lazy did not criticize this work. The author himself said this: “everyone scolded: “both red and white, and above, and below, and from the side - especially from the side.” Becomes an employee of the magazine "Bulletin of Europe".

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1874 - in Paris, the author becomes a participant and organizer of the famous bachelor “dinner of five”. In which many celebrities take part.

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1878 - reconciliation between Turgenev and Leo Tolstoy.

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1877 - the second most critically acclaimed and first longest novel, Nov, was completed. Many saw in this work admiration for autocracy.

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1879 - An elderly writer is elected vice-president of the International Congress of Letters. This year, Turgenev literally fell in love with the young performer of the role he wrote in the play “A Month in the Country.” The feelings were real and the author honestly admitted them. It is known that despite the age difference of 36 years, the writer and actress met and corresponded.

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1880 - actively participated in events in honor of the opening of the monument to Pushkin in Moscow.

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1882 - the writer became seriously ill, he suffered from severe pain. The French doctors diagnosed it as angina pectoris. Then the diagnosis was expanded to include intercostal neuralgia. During periods when relief came, Ivan Sergeevich tried to work and managed to finish the cycle of lyrical miniatures “Poems in Prose.”

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August 22 (September 3), 1883 - Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev died. On September 27, the body was transported to St. Petersburg, where it was interred at the Volkovsky cemetery.

Youth

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1840 - the young author does not sit still, he visits Italy and Austria.

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1843 - the stories “Breter” and “Three Portraits” were written.

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1848 - long life in Paris without moving. The work is progressing well, the comedy “Freeloaders” and “Where it’s thin is where it breaks” have been written.

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1849 - the one-act play “Breakfast at the Leader”, “The Bachelor” appeared.

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1854 - “Notes of a Hunter” translated by Ernest Charrière is published in Germany as a separate edition. Ivan Sergeevich did not like the translation and expressed a public protest.

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1855 - rapprochement with Leo Tolstoy occurs and the story “Cutting the Forest” is dedicated to him.

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1856 - the first novel "Rudin" is published. This year is rich in travel. The writer travels throughout Europe.

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1859 - Sovremennik magazine gives life to the novel “The Noble Nest”.

SPADILO.RU

Brief biography of Turgenev with a chronological table and interesting facts

Role and place in literature

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev is a famous Russian poet, playwright, and publicist, whose contribution to the development of literature in the second half of the 19th century is difficult to overestimate. Turgenev's innovative artistic system influenced the poetics of both Russian and Western European novels. Working in the direction of realism, he was the first to draw attention to the new type of man of the sixties.

Origin and early years

The future great literary figure was born on November 9, 1818 in the Russian Empire (the city of Orel). His family belonged to an old family of Tula nobles, the Turgenevs.

Father - Sergei Nikolaevich Turgenev, nobleman. He was a member of the cavalry regiment. The young handsome man led a carefree life and quickly went broke. To improve the situation, he had to enter into a marriage of convenience.

Mother - Varvara Petrovna Turgeneva (nee Lutovinova), a wealthy noblewoman. Despite her good social position, her youth could hardly be called happy. The marriage was also not successful. She combined the features of a powerful serf woman and an educated woman.

Little Turgenev grew up in a difficult family: an oppressive mother, a flighty father. In 1830, Sergei Nikolaevich leaves his wife and three sons to live independently.

As a child, Turgenev lived on the Spasskoye-Lutovinovo estate, located near the city of Mtsensk. At the age of 9, he and his family moved to Moscow and settled in a house on Samotek.

Ivan was considered a beloved son, but he also sometimes suffered beatings from his oppressive mother. But, despite her difficult character, she gave a good upbringing to her children.

Education

Having received his primary education at home, Turgenev continued his studies in Moscow boarding schools.

In 1833, Ivan entered Moscow University at the Faculty of Literature. Because of his older brother, he has to transfer to a university in St. Petersburg. Here he studies at the Faculty of Philosophy. At this time, Turgenev was very interested in scientific activities and after graduating from university he wrote a dissertation, but never defended it. Interest in science was forever replaced by a real passion for literature.

Creation

Turgenev grew up in a creative family: his mother was an educated, well-read woman who spoke and read French; the father raised a love for his culture in his children, asking them to write letters to him only in Russian. In addition to Sergei Nikolaevich, one serf valet instilled in Ivan a love of Russian literature.

While in his third year at university, Ivan Sergeevich created his first poem “Wall”. He gave the essay to the teacher to get his opinion. Professor Pletnev analyzed the poem in front of students at a lecture, without disclosing Turgenev’s authorship. The verdict was harsh; the aspiring writer still had work to do, but the teacher noted that there was prospects. Turgenev took the words of approval with a dose of criticism positively and was inspired to create new works. And in 1838, the professor published several of his poems in the Sovremennik magazine.

In the period from 1830 to 1850, Turgenev met many famous writers. The style of Lermontov's poetry had a tangible influence on Turgenev's work. This is most evident in the poem “Confession,” which is reminiscent of Lermontov’s “Duma.”

It was also important for Ivan Sergeevich to meet the literary critic Belinsky. Friendship with him influenced the creation of such works: “Parasha”, “Breter”, “Three Portraits”.

In 1847, Turgenev’s “Modern Notes” and “Notes of a Hunter” began to be published in the Sovremennik magazine. These works bring fame to the author.

Since the late 40s, Ivan Sergeevich has been actively learning the basics of drama and trying himself in this field. He considered the dramaturgy of the brilliant Gogol to be the standard.

Major works

In 1852, while in exile in his native village, Turgenev wrote the story “Mumu,” in which he depicts the plight of the serf-owners. Because of his sympathy for the powerless part of the population, the author gained disfavor from the authorities.

In 1861, the writer wrote a novel that would become a symbol of the era - “Fathers and Sons.” It truthfully describes the problem of two generations.

The main works also include: the novels “Smoke”, “New”; stories and stories “The Diary of an Extra Man”, “Bezhin Meadow”, “Spring Waters”. A special place in the writer’s work belongs to the story “Asya”. This is not an ordinary love story, but a conflict of different characters and classes. Asya is an original person, capable of high feelings and actions. Girls like her began to be called Turgenev’s, thanks to the author. And the main character is a liberal nobleman who only thinks that he does not live according to the rules of his society, but in fact adheres to a stereotypical way of thinking.

Last years

In 1863, Ivan Sergeevich left for Germany. There he makes acquaintances with many famous Western European writers. While learning new things, Turgenev does not forget to glorify Russian literature. He soon becomes famous in Europe.

In 1879, Turgenev became an honorary doctor of Oxford University.

Since 1882, the writer begins to suffer from various illnesses. And in 1883 he died in Bougival.

Chronological table (by date)

1818 The year of birth of Ivan Turgenev 1827 The family moved to Moscow 1833 Turgenev became a student at Moscow University 1834 Moving to St. Petersburg and entering the University of St. Petersburg 1837 Creation of short poems, meeting A. Pushkin 1838 Turgenev’s creative debut 1843 The poem “Parasha” 1847 Prose instead of poetry 1852 “ Notes of a Hunter" 1862 "Fathers and Sons" 1879 Turgenev receives an honorary title Doctor of Oxford University 1883 Turgenev died

Interesting facts from the life of the writer

In his youth, Ivan Turgenev often thoughtlessly spent his parents' money on entertainment. To teach her son a lesson, Varvara Petrovna once sent him bricks in a parcel instead of money.
There were many romantic relationships in Turgenev’s life, but he never got married. Perhaps this was due to his love for a married woman, opera singer Pauline Viardot.
Turgenev was known for his cleanliness. He could not begin to create until there was perfect order.